X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of...
Transcript of X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of...
![Page 1: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
M33 − Normal Galaxy M100 − Normal Galaxy
3C273 − Active Galaxy PKS 2349−014 − Active Galaxy
Niel Brandt (Penn State)
X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring theEnvironments of Supermassive Black Holes
![Page 2: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chandra
XMM−Newton
NASA
ESA
![Page 3: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ROSAT Chandra~ 5"
The Importance of Spatial Resolution: The Center of M82
~ 1"
![Page 4: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
10 cm scale ~ light minutes13
Nuclear Region of an Active Galaxy
![Page 5: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rapid X−ray Variability of Active Galaxies
X−ray light curve of theactive galaxy 1H0707−495
Solar flare light curve
Solar flare loops
![Page 6: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
X−rays from the Inner Accretion Disk
XMM−Newton
MCG−6−30−15from the active galaxyBroad iron K line
Inner Accretion Disk
![Page 7: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
10 cmscale
17
~ light weeks
W.C. Roentgen
An early Roentgen image (1896)
X−raying an Active Galaxy Wind
![Page 8: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
5500 A polyimide
9800 A polyimide
5100 A3600 A
HEGMEG
200 A Au / 50 A CrPlating base
Chandra Grating Spectrum of the Wind from NGC 3783Chandra HETGS
![Page 9: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
100
200
300
Fe
Ca
Ar
S
4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.50
20
40
60
S
Si
Al
Mg
7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.50
5
10
15
20
25
Flux
[ ×1
0-13 er
gs c
m-2 s
-1 Å
-1]
Al
Mg
Fe
Ne
11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5
Rest Wavelength [Å]
0
3
6
9
12 FeNe
8266 6199 4959 4133 3542 3100Rest Energy [eV]
2755 2480 2254 2066 1907 1771 1653
1653 1550 1459 1380 1305 1240 1181
1127 1078 1033 992 954 918
No
te the M
oseley seq
uen
ce
NGC 3783 Spectral Details
Wind kinetic power > Photon power !
![Page 10: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Evolution in the space densityof luminous quasars from z = 0−6
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Active Galaxies at the Highest Redshifts
![Page 11: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes
1.6 hr 2.2 hr
2.3 hr
Indistinguishable fromnearby quasar X−ray spectra!
Quasar numbers evolve, individual quasars don’t.
Combined Chandra X−ray spectrum of46 quasars at z > 4
Black hole + gas = Same thing, every time!
![Page 12: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2
The Chandra Deep Field−North
Red: 0.5−2 keVGreen: 2−4 keVBlue: 4−8 keV
~ 6−7 extended sources~ 582 point sources
448 arcmin(~ 60% Moon)
1.95 Ms over 2.3 yrChandra ACIS−I
HDF−N
GOODS
50−250 times the sensitivity of pre−Chandra surveys!
![Page 13: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Active galaxies more numerous and varied thanpreviously thought.
HSTChandra
0.139
0.752
1.355 0.089
0.968
0.474
0.518
0.665
2.75p 0.905
0.474
0.475 0.4760.557
0.321 3.479
0.96p
1.0500.089
1.70p
0.454
0.960AGN − Ty 1, obs.
Norm. gal.
StarburstNorm. gal.
Starburst AGN − XBONG
AGN − XBONG
AGN − XBONG
Norm. gal.
AGN − opt. faint
Starburst
AGN
AGN − Ty1, unobs.
Norm. gal.Off−nuc.
AGN − FR I radio gal.
![Page 14: X−raying Active Galaxies: Exploring the Environments of ...personal.psu.edu/wnb3/papers/exeter-aapt-aps.pdf · X−rays from the First Supermassive Black Holes 1.6 hr 2.2 hr 2.3](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042319/5f085e817e708231d421ab55/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Proto−Quasars
Black Holes from the First Stars at z ~ 15(Eddington limit for < 300 solar masses)
Some Future Prospects and Upcoming MissionsConstellation−X
Small−to−Medium Missions
Long−Term, Large Missions
SwiftDUO
Gen−X