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Day Month Year Number of seat Scottish candidate number

SQA

X043/10/01

*X043/10/01* ©

GEOLOGYINTERMEDIATE 1

1 You should attempt all of the questions.

2 All answers should be written in the spaces provided in this answer book and should be written clearly and legibly in ink.

3 The marks allocated to each question or part of a question are shown at the end of each question or part of a question.

4 Before leaving the examination room you must give this book to the Invigilator. If you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.

Full name of centre Town

Forename(s) Surname

Date of birth

N A T I O N A LQ U A L I F I C A T I O N S2 0 1 5

W E D N E S D A Y , 2 7 M A Y1 . 0 0 P M – 2 . 3 0 P M

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Marks

1

2

2

All questions should be attempted.

1. The diagram below shows the Solar System.

(not to scale)

Sun

A

(a) Name Planet A.

(b) In the diagram Jupiter is 778 million km from the Sun. Neptune is 4504 million km from the Sun.

Calculate the distance between the two planets.

Show your working

(c) Which three of the following statements are correct?

A The Earth orbits the Moon.

B Jupiter is the largest planet.

C The Sun is a planet.

D Mercury is closest to the Sun.

E The Sun moves around the Earth.

F The Moon is covered with old craters.

Give only the letters: , and

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2

2

1

2. The diagrams below show magnified views of three rock types.

Feldspar

FeldsparQuartz

Quartz

Quartz

Cement

Mica

P Q R

(a) Use the word box below to complete the table.

Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous

Letter Rock Type

P

Q

R

(b) Explain why some igneous rocks are made up of large crystals.

(c) Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock. Explain what this means.

(d) Place the following sedimentary rocks in order of fragment size from largest to smallest.

Sandstone Mudstone Conglomerate

→ →

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Largest Smallest

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3

3. The diagram below shows two rock sequences.

Conglomerate

FineSandstone

CoarseSandstone

Limestone

Mudstone

Gneiss

A B

(a) Draw lines on the diagram above to match the rock sequences.

(b) Name the fossils found in the following rock layers in the diagram.

Fine Sandstone

Coarse Sandstone

Limestone

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4. The diagram below shows two Geological maps.

A B

X XY Y

(a) In the spaces below, draw cross sections of maps A and B above, to show the rock structure.

Surface SurfaceX XY Y

(b) Name the type of rock structures in A and B.

A B

Marks

4

2

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4. (continued)

(c) Draw, in the spaces below, what the Geological maps A and B would look like after erosion.

A B

(d) Explain why rock structure A would be of interest to companies exploring for oil.

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1

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5. The photograph below shows a coastal landscape.

A

B

(a) Choosing from the word box below, label the two features on the photograph.

Sand dunes Old river channel Raised beach

Old sea cliffs Headland

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5. (continued)

(b) Explain using a diagram(s) how a raised beach is formed.

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6. The photograph below shows a wind farm.

A wind farm on Orkney has eight turbines. Each turbine produces 500 kilowatts of energy per hour (kW h) when winds are 32 miles per hour (mph).

(a) Calculate the total amount of energy the turbines generate per hour from a 32 mph wind.

Show your working

(b) If wind speeds average 32 mph over a 24 hour period, how much would the eight turbines produce in the 24 hours?

Show your working

(c) Predict the amount of energy produced in 24 hours by an average wind speed of

16 mph

and

64 mph

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6. (continued)

(d) Using the information from the table, complete the pie chart below to show the top six wind energy producers in the world.

(Additional pie chart, should it be required, will be found on Page twenty.)

Country Wind Energy (%)

United States 26

China 19

Germany 11

Spain 10

India 6

Canada 5

Other 23

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

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7. The word box below shows different types of fuel.

Bituminous coal Lignite Anthracite Peat Wood

(a) Put the words in the correct order in the table below of carbon content from lowest to highest.

Amount of Carbon Type of Fuel

Least Carbon

Most Carbon

(b) The diagram below shows a deep mined coal seam.

Settlement

Surface

Key

coal seam

fault

If all the coal is exhausted from the seams, give three problems this may cause to the settlement.

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

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7. (continued)

(c) Most UK coal is extracted from the surface. What name is given to this type of mining?

(d) Describe two environmental problems caused by this type of mining.

1 2

(e) Suggest a solution to one of these problems.

Problem

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8. The block diagram below shows different types of rocks.

Dolerite

Fault

Sandstone

Limestone

Conglomerate

Mudstone

(a) Put the following events in the correct order from oldest to youngest.

A Deposition of Sandstone

B Intrusion of Dolerite

C Deposition of Conglomerate

D Movement on Fault

Give only the letters: → → →

(b) What type of intrusion is shown by the Dolerite?

(c) Name a metamorphic rock type formed from

Limestone

and

Mudstone

oldest youngest

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9. The photograph below shows a glaciated landscape.

(a) Label the scree on the photograph.

(b) Explain how scree is formed.

(c) In the space below, draw labelled diagram(s) to show how a terminal moraine is formed.

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10. The diagram below shows a map of possible locations for a new road bridge linking settlements.

Fault

SeaA BC

D

Sea

Sea

SeaKey

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Settlements

(a) Which is the best location for the proposed new bridge?

Give only the letter:

Give two advantages and one disadvantage of your choice.

Advantage 1

Advantage 2

Disadvantage 1

(b) Give two reasons why Clay and Shale would be unsuitable for bridge foundations.

Reason 1

Reason 2

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10. (continued)

(c) Apart from firm foundations, give two other ways to increase the strength of a bridge.

1.

2.

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11. The table below shows the average size of pebbles (length) and distance from the foot of a waterfall.

Distance from waterfall (m) Average size of pebble (cm)

0 300

1 180

2 175

3 100

4 100

5 80

6 60

7 50

8 30

9 10

(a) On the graph paper below draw a bar graph to show how average size of pebbles changes with distance from a waterfall.

(Additional graph paper, should it be required, will be found on Page twenty.)

Average size of pebble(cm)

Distance from waterfall (m)

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11. (continued)

(b) The diagram below shows a section of limestone.

RiverX

Y

Bedding plane

Joint

A river flows across limestone and disappears at X and reappears at Y. Complete the diagram below by drawing and labelling the underground limestone features formed by the flowing river.

RiverX

Y

[END OF QUESTION PAPER]

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS

ADDITIONAL PIE CHART FOR QUESTION 6 (d)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

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60%

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ADDITIONAL GRAPH PAPER FOR QUESTION 11 (a)

Average size of pebble(cm)

Distance from waterfall (m)

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