X Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics Overview
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Transcript of X Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics Overview
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
X Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics Overview
FAC Photon Topical
Oct. 27, 2005
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
Work supported in part by the DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work was performed in support of the LCLS project at SLAC.
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Outline
XTOD Configuration
X-Ray Beam Conditioning & Diagnostics Goals
XTOD Interfaces
Upstream FEE Instruments
Mechanical & Vacuum
XTOD Work Plan
Technical Documents, Summary
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
The FEE Will House the Majority of XTOD Diagnostics and Beam Conditioning Systems
Fastclosevalve
Slit
Ion Chamber
Ion Chamber
Diagnostics Package
Gas Attenuator
SolidAttenuator
SiC Mirror 1
Be Mirrors 2 & 3
SiC Mirror 2
Collimator 1
DiagnosticsPackage
Collimator 2
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
The FEE Instruments Will Be Used to Characterize and Monitor the Performance of the LCLS Beam
SolidAttenuator
Gas Attenuator
Slit;Fixed Mask
Start of Experimental
Hutches
5 mm diameter
collimators
Muon Shield
FEL Offset mirror system
TotalEnergy
CalorimeterWFOV Direct
Imager
Spectrometer / Indirect Imager
Windowless Ion
Chamber
Windowless Ion
Chamber
e-
Diagnostic Package
Fast Valve Diagnostic Package
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Experimental Halls and Tunnel are Comprised Primarily of Transport Systems and Imagers
Direct Imager
Direct Imager, CD4
Flipper Mirror
NEH
Hutch 2
FEHTUNNEL
Turbo Pump Offset Support
Beam Tube, 4.00” OD X .083” W X 120” L
Flex Support
Ion Pump Offset Support
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Gas and Solids Attenuators Can Attenuate the FEL up to 4 Orders of Magnitude
Use Gas
Use Solids
Solid Attenuator
256 Attenuation Levels
Gas Attenuator
* For a transmission of 10-4
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
XTOD Redundant Commissioning InstrumentationInstrument Purpose Adjustment Calibration and
Physics risks
Direct Imager SP f(x,y), look for FEL, measure FEL u, f(x,y), x,y
ND filter, Attenuators
Scintillator linearity, Attenuator linearity and background
Indirect Imager Measure FEL u, f(x,y), spectral imaging of SP & FEL harmonics
Mirror Angle Mirror reflectivity, damage
Total Energy FEL u Attenuators Energy to Heat, damage
Ion Chamber FEL u, x,y,x',y' Pressure Signal strength
Spectrometers FEL, SP spectra Attenuators Resolution, damage
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
FEL Offset System Has Been Incorporated in the XTOD Plan
Baseline cost & schedule have been definedThe FEE layout has been modifiedRadiation Physics analysis has defined critical components (e.g, collimators, shielding)Development Schedule
Determine mirror and other system specifications
Produce concept and corresponding engineering specification
Complete conceptual engineering design
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
XTOD Interfaces Have Been DefinedXTOD to Linac (1.1-504)
Vacuum, fluid interfacesMechanical InterfacesControl Signals, electrical interfacesRadiation & other environmental issues
XTOD to XES (1.1-507)Vacuum & Mechanical interfaces for PPSControl Signals
XTOD to Conventional Facilities (1.5-108)HVAC ( thermal , humidity, gas supplies, exhaust systems)Mechanical, vibrationElectrical: Power, cable trays,communications
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Fast and Slow Valve SpecificationsFast Valve
VAT Series 77 Flap Shutter with Pneumatic ActuatorCloses to less than 30 mTorr*L/s within 15 msOpens to full size of beam pipe2,000 cycles to first service
Slow ValveVAT Series 48 All Metal Gate ValveSeals within 3 seconds20,000 cycles to first service
ControlsVAT VF-2 ControllerVAT High Vacuum SensorEPICS Compatible
Meets or exceeds all requirements
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Fixed Mask Key Requirements
Define clear aperture for diagnostics as a 5 x 10 cm image at NEH (757.404 m)
Protect downstream equipment from non-central radiation
Align aperture within 1 mm of beam position
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Fixed Mask Concept
6 Strut System 0.03mm Resolution
Tantalum Mask – 5 cm thick
5 DOF Mount
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
X-ray Slit Key Requirements
Defines precision aperture of x-ray laserAble to choose any rectangular area inside clear aperture of fixed mask – 0.16 mm or larger10 micron linear resolutionBlocks aligns to beam axis within 29.5 arc-seconds
Compatible with high vacuum environmentOpens to clear aperture for diagnosticsCompatible with EPICS control system
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
X-ray Slit General Specifications
Two pairs of slitsOne horizontalOne vertical
Stages compatible with 1E-6 TorrSlits open beyond clear aperture6 strut system can yield 0.03 mm resolution
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
X-ray Slit Movement SpecificationsLinear motion
100 mm travel
1.25 m resolution
2 m accuracy
2 m repeatability
Motorized Rotary Stage
Manual Rotary Stage
Motorized Linear Stage
Limit Switch Adjuster (2)
Limit Switch (2)Horizontal Slit Block - B4C
Radial motion360 degree travel
3 arc-sec resolution
30 arc-sec accuracy
6 arc-sec repeatability
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Solid Attenuator Concept
256 attenuation levelsEight beryllium slides
Each twice as thick as the last (0.3 to 38.4 mm)
Up to 99.998% attenuation of 8.26 keV x-raysMillions of attenuation levels when used with gas attenuatorPneumatically actuated
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Sample of Predicted Transmission LevelsBeryllium
X-ray Energy (eV) 8267 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000
Attenuation Length (microns) 6906.442 3965.672 2398.152 1327.45 647.367 259.157 72.958
Attenuation Length (mm) 6.91 3.97 2.40 1.33 0.65 0.26 0.07
Transmission thru Gas Attenuator at max pressure 0.8812 0.8066 0.7067 0.5438 0.3003 0.0575 0.0001
Thickness (mm) Transmission Transmission Transmission Transmission Transmission Transmission Transmission
0.0 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
0.3 0.95749 0.92714 0.88241 0.79772 0.62913 0.31424 0.01638
0.6 0.91679 0.85959 0.77865 0.63636 0.39581 0.09875 0.00027
0.9 0.87782 0.79696 0.68709 0.50764 0.24901 0.03103 0.00000
1.2 0.84051 0.73890 0.60630 0.40495 0.15666 0.00975 0.00000
1.5 0.80478 0.68506 0.53500 0.32304 0.09856 0.00306 0.00000
1.8 0.77057 0.63515 0.47209 0.25769 0.06201 0.00096 0.00000
2.1 0.73781 0.58887 0.41658 0.20557 0.03901 0.00030 0.00000
2.4 0.70645 0.54597 0.36760 0.16399 0.02454 0.00010 0.00000
2.7 0.67642 0.50619 0.32437 0.13081 0.01544 0.00003 0.00000
3.0 0.64767 0.46931 0.28623 0.10435 0.00971 0.00001 0.00000
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Design Point
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0 2 4 6 8
Pressure (1E-6 Torr)
BeamLoss (%)
XTOD Vacuum System Requirements
Average Pressure < 10 -5 Torr
Long Pump life time> 10 yrs
Design Tube Vacuum Level 3x10-6 TorrMax Operating Level 6x10-6 Torr
Ion Pumps Operated below 10 -6 Torr
Specified life time for most ion pumps
@ 10 -6 Torr> 50,000 hrs (~6 yrs)
Specified life time for VacIon Starcell @ 10 -6 Torr> 80,000 hrs (~9 yrs)
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Sketch of 212-m tunnelwith pump locations
57.8’ 116.3’ 57.8’
58.15’
57.8’ 116.3’ 57.8’ 57.8’ 116.3’ 57.3’
58.15’ 58.15’
231.9’24.85’
231.9’ 231.9’
718.5’
38 Flange Joints
VACUUM VALVE
ION PUMP
TURBO PUMP
4” OD tube is in 10ft sections with metal gaskets.At each pump, there are 7” bellows, 4” dia. cross,and gate valve – all joined with metal gaskets.
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Turbo Pump and Support
Varian V70LP Turbo Pump
Bellows
Beam Tube, 4.00” OD X .083” W6” Conflat Flange
Cold Cathode Gauge, MKS 422
4-Way Cross
Support
Varian TriScroll 300 Pump
Valve, VAT Series 48DN 100 (4” ID, 6” Conflat)
Leak Check Valve
Flex Support
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Ion Pump and Support
Varian StarCell 75 Ion Pump
Bellows
Beam Tube, 4.00” OD X .083” W6” Conflat Flange
Cold Cathode Gauge, MKS 422 Rupture Disk
4-Way Cross
Support Flex Support
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Lumped parameter analysisS(L/sec)=Q (Torr-L/sec) / P(Torr)
Total volume = 1603 L
Total area = 6.6x105 cm2 outgassing at
1x10-10 Torr-L/sec/cm2 after 100 hrs
110 - 4” gaskets each leak at 6x10-7 Torr-L/sec
Then Q=1.3x10-4 Torr-L/sec, total gas load
at 100 hrs (50% is from 110
seals)
So for a design pressure of 3x10-6 Torr then
with no conductance loss, S = 44
L/sec
But for a 106-m tube, C = 1 L/sec
so we need multiple pumps
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Pressure history is calculated at eachsubvolume N for 100 hours
Model solves the gas load matrix withN coupled differential equations 4 times
Roughing from 760 to 0.01 Torr for 5 hrsTurbo pumping to below 10-5 Torr for 30 hoursIon pumping in the -6 range to 100 hoursFailure of ion pumps for few minutes
Gas Load Balance: Vn dpn/dt = Qn in – Qn out for n =1,NWhere Qn in = leakage and time-dependent outgassing into n
Qn out = Cnm (Pn -Pm) where m is an adjacent volume Or Qn out = (S Cnp / (S + Cnp) Pn
where Cnp is the conductance between n and the pumpand S (Pn) is the pressure dependent pump speed.
Methodology verified in experimentPressure gauges on APT at LANL verified the predictions
by the Mathematica model that was programmed to fit that geometry
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
100 1000 10000 100000
.
Model provides 100 hr historyof pressure at any location
100 hrs311
Scroll
Turbo
Ion
Pressure,Torr
Time, sec
100
1
10-2
10-4
10-6
10-8
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
50 100 150 200Z, meters
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.6
0.4
Pressure,10-6 Torr
Pressure profile with 6-75 L/s ion pumps at 100 hrs
For SnomimalTotal = 450 L/s, SnetTotal = 327 L/s
Theory: P=Q/S = 4.1 x10-7 Torr. The best that can be achieved.
Code: Pavg = 8.4 x10-7 Torr. So our design is efficient!
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
50 100 150 200Nsv
Permanent turbo pumps can replace failed ion pumps to keep P < 6 x 10-6 Torr
Pmax = 7.2 x 10-6 Torr (above specs)
Pmin = 3.7 x 10-7 Torr
Pmax = 2.2 x 10-6 Torr (within specs)Pmin = 3.2 x 10-7 Torr
Two failedadjacent IPs
2 min
2
5
3
1
seconds0 400 80050 100 150 200Nsv
1
2
0
10-6 Torr 10-6 Torr
2
6
10-6 Torr
4
0Two failed adjacent IPswith middle turbo on
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number of working ion pumps
Maxpressure
10-6
Torr3rd
,4th,5
th f
aile
d
2nd,3
rd
4th, 5
th
faile
d
2nd,4
th,5
th f
aile
d1, 2, or 3turbos on
3rd,4
th f
aile
d
Design pressureduring IP failure
Turbo pumps reduce pressure belowdesign even when 4 ion pumps fail
All
wor
king
2nd,4
th f
aile
d
4th f
aile
d
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Six 75 L/s ion pumps meets the reqswith margin and reasonable costs
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of Ion Pumps
Maximumpressure10-6 Torr
8
6
4
2 Designlimit
Max limit
Single failure,no backup
Normal
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
To optimize the system, number and pump size wasvaried to keep 450 L/s total nomimal pumping
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
The XTOD Work Plan Will Complete the Tunnel and Experimental Hall Mechanical & Vacuum Systems and
the 1st Half of FEE Systems in FY06FYO6 Efforts
Design mechanical and vacuum systems through tunnelDesign FEE up to Diagnostic Package (Fast Valve, Fixed Mask, Slit, Solid & Gas Attenuators, Ion Chambers)Complete conceptual designs for FEL Offset, TEM, Spectrometer, ImagersDesign XTOD Controls systems (details up to FEE Diagnostic Package and the Tunnel)Prototype Efforts for Gas Attenuator, Tunnel Vacuum System, and Total Energy Monitor (TEM)Complete Damage StudyContinue simulation efforts of physics models and to support engineering specificationsPrepare procurement package for all final design systems
FY07,FY08 EffortsFinal Design for FEE- Diagnostic Package and FEL Offset System (Nov 07)Complete XTOD ControlsProcure, Build, Test, and ship all systems to SLAC
(Beneficial Occupancy Dates: FEE-Oct. ’07, NEH-June ’07, Tunnel- Oct ’07, Sept ‘07)Refine simulation models and support commissioning activitiesXTOD Commissioning
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Several Key XTOD Technical Documents/Specifications Have Been Completed
“LCLS Spontaneous Radiation with Reflection along the Beam Line in the Undulator Pipes “, Kirby Fong“The LCLS Gas Attenuator”, D.D. Ryutov“Photoluminescence as a way of non-destructive imaging at the LCLS facility”, D.D. Ryutov“Indirect Imager Requirements”, M. Pivovaroff“SiC Mirror Specifications”, M. Pivovaroff“Commissioning Diagnostics Specifications”, R. Bionta
Donn H. McMahon
XTOD Configuration Overview [email protected]
October 24-26, 2005UCRL-PRES-216590
Summary
FEE layout has stabilized including FEL Offset System
TTF Damage experiment has been conducted (SiC, B4C )
Significant progress on upstream FEE systems and Tunnel
Prototype efforts on the Total Energy Monitor are yielding promising results
Prototype efforts for Gas Attenuator to begin in November
Controls efforts are keeping pace developing entire XTOD system layouts, alignment of XTOD controls with LCLS standards, and installation of EPICS at LLNL