Science StartLevel 2- Foundation

Pre Course Workbook

Introduction

Firstly, welcome to Science Level 2 Foundation at Wyke.

This course is a double award GCSE called Combined Science Trilogy from AQA and covers Biology, Chemistry and Physics content. We recognise that you will come from a variety of Science backgrounds and we have plenty of support available to help you all to have a successful time at Wyke.

You are going to have 8 lessons per week, delivered by at least two different teachers, and you will be expected to attend all lessons. Lunchtime support sessions are also going to be available for additional revision or to get additional help.

This is a 100% examination course, there is no coursework involved. In May-June 2021 you will need to sit 6 exams (2 Biology, 2 Chemistry & 2 Physics) and you must sit all of them in order to achieve a grade. Our results in 2019 were phenomenal: 88% of students achieved a 4-4 or above compared to the National average of 55%. The average student gained 2.4 grades in Science compared to what they started with.

Assessments will be approximately every 4 weeks. They will be marked by your teacher, or peer marked, and graded. In the first term, you will be taught some biology, chemistry, and physics. At the end of the first term, you will have a mock exam covering everything you will have done at that point. In the second term, you will be taught the remaining biology, chemistry and physics.

In your first lesson at Wyke, you will have a benchmark assessment. This is to allow you (and us) to find out what you can remember and what you may have forgotten over the Summer.

In this booklet there are some initial notes for the first topics that we are going to be covering, together with exam questions and their mark scheme. You can also find the links to further explanations for these topics, as well as good videos to help you review and understand their content better.

You should complete the exam style questions in this booklet to the best of your ability and then mark them, ideally with a different coloured pen, using the mark schemes. Finally record your mark in the space below.

You should bring this booklet to enrolment or to your first lesson at Wyke, where we will collect the booklets. If you can’t print the booklet, please do not worry, just work on the exam-style questions in paper or in a notebook and bring these with you.

We look forward to seeing you at Wyke.

Have a good summer.

Kimberley and Laura.

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Cell Biology

Cell Structure

Organisms are made up of cells. Microscopes are needed to study cells in detail.

Almost all animals and plants are made up of cells.Animal cells have a basic structure. Below the basic structure is shown in the same animal cell, on the left viewed with the light microscope, and on the right with the transmission electron microscope.

Most cells are specialised and are adapted for their function. Animals and plants therefore consist of many different types of cell working together.

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Cell division

Chromosomes carry genetic information in a molecule called DNA.A type of cell division called mitosis ensures that when a cell divides each new cell produced has the same genetic information.DNA exists in a cell's nucleus within structures called chromosomes. Each section of a chromosome that contains the code for the production of a particular protein is called a gene.

Transport in cells

For an organism to function, substances must move into and out of cells. Three processes contribute to this movement - diffusion, osmosis and active transport.

Particles (molecules and ions) in a liquid and a gas move continuously. Because of this movement, particles will spread themselves evenly throughout a liquid or a gas. If there is a situation where particles of a substance are in a higher concentration, they will move from this region to where they are in a lower concentration. This is called diffusion.

~ 3 ~

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules, from a region where the water molecules are in higher concentration, to a region where they are in lower concentration, through a partially permeable membrane. A dilute solution contains a high concentration of water molecules, while a concentrated solution contains a low concentration of water molecules.

Substances are transported passively down concentration gradients. Often, substances have to be moved from a low to a high concentration - against a concentration gradient. Active transport is a process that is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient. The process requires energy.

For detailed content and good videos on Cell Biology visit:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z2mttv4

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COMPLETE Exam-style questions for Cell Biology

Q1.Living organisms are made of cells.

(a)     Animal and plant cells have several parts. Each part has a different function.

Draw one line from each cell part to the correct function of that part.

 (3)

(b)     The diagram below shows a cell from a plant leaf.

 

Which two parts in the diagram above are not found in an animal cell?

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)

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Q2.Muscle cells divide to form new muscle cells.

(a)  Which two cell components are copied before the muscle cells start to divide?

Tick two boxes. 

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Plasmids

Ribosomes

Vacuole

(2)

(b)  Why do muscle cells need to divide by mitosis more often than most other cells?

Tick one box. 

To contract the muscles

To repair the muscles

To supply more oxygen to the muscles

To transmit nerve impulses

(1)

Mitosis is part of the cell cycle.

The diagram below shows the percentage of time taken by each stage of a cell cycle.

 

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(c)  The cell cycle shown in the diagram above takes 21 hours in total.

Cell division takes 5% of the total time.

Calculate how many hours cell division takes.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Time taken = _______________ hours(2)

(d)  What percentage of time is spent copying DNA in the cell cycle shown in the diagram above?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Percentage = _______________(2)

(e)  A sperm cell from a dog contains 39 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes are there in each dog muscle cell?

Tick one box. 

39

78

156

312

(1)

(f)  A sperm cell fuses with an egg cell.

What is this process called?

Tick one box. 

Fertilisation

Meiosis

Ovulation

Respiration

(1)(Total 9 marks)

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Q3.Substances can move into cells and out of cells.

(a)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

  active transport.

Water moves into cells and out of cells by osmosis.

  reabsorption.

 

  freely permeable  

The water moves through a non-permeable membrane.

  partially permeable  

(2)

(b)     Students put plant cells into two different strengths of sugar solutions, A and B.

The diagram below shows what the cells looked like after 1 hour.

 

Cell insugar solution A

(after 1 hour) 

Cell insugar solution B

(after 1 hour)

(i)      Describe two ways in which the cell in sugar solution B is different from the cell in sugar solution A.

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii)     A student put red blood cells into water.

Suggest what would happen to the cells.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

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(c)     In the human body, glucose is absorbed into the blood from the small intestine.

The small intestine contains many villi.

Which two of the following help the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

Villi have a cell wall.

Villi are covered in thick mucus.

Villi give the small intestine a large surface area.

Villi have many blood capillaries.

(2)(Total 7 marks)

Q4.The diagram shows a cell.

 

(a)     (i)      Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B . 

  cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

A ___________________________

B ___________________________(2)

(ii)     The cell in the diagram is an animal cell.

How can you tell it is an animal cell and not a plant cell?

Give two reasons.

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

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(b)     Oxygen will diffuse into the cell in the diagram.

Why?

Use information from the diagram.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. 

    an organ.

  Scientists call a group of similar cells a system.

    a tissue.

(1)(Total 6 marks)

Q5.The diagrams show four cells, A, B, C and D. 

A B

C D

Use letters A, B, C or D to answer these questions. 

(a) Which cell can photosynthesise?

 

(1) 

(b) Which cell is adapted for receiving and sending information?

 

(1) 

(c) Which cell is adapted to respire quickly?

 

(1)(Total 3 marks)

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Q6.Substances can move into and out of cells.

(a)     (i)      How does oxygen move into and out of cells?

Draw a ring around one answer. 

diffusion digestion photosynthesis

(1)

(ii)     Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A, B and C.

Diagram 1

 

Oxygen can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, A, B or C, will oxygen move the fastest?   (1)

(b)     (i)      How does water move into and out of cells?

Draw a ring around one answer. 

breathing osmosis respiration

(1)

(ii)     Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or out of cells at different rates.

Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P, Q and R.

The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solutionin cells P, Q and R.

Diagram 2

 

Water can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, P, Q or R, will water move the fastest?     (1)

(Total 4 marks)

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Q7.Human cells and yeast cells have some parts that are the same.

(a)     The diagram shows a yeast cell.

 

Parts A and B are found in human cells and in yeast cells. On the diagram, label parts A and B.(2)

(b)     Many types of cell can divide to form new cells.

Some cells in human skin can divide to make new skin cells.

Why do human skin cells need to divide?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     Human stem cells can develop into many different types of human cell.

(i)      Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. 

embryos hair nerve cells

Human stem cells may come from

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. 

cystic fibrosis paralysis polydactyly

Human stem cells can be used to treat

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 5 marks)

YOUR SCORE:………………………………../39 marks

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MARK the previous Cell Biology questions using the mark scheme below:

Q1.

(a)    extra lines cancel

3

(b)     Cell wallin either order

1

Chloroplastallow (permanent) vacuole

1[5]

Q2.(a)  mitochondria

1

ribosomes1

(b)  to repair the muscles1

(c)    

 1

1.05 (hours)allow for 2 marks 1 hour 3 minutes or 1:03 (hours)

1an answer of 1.05 hours scores 2 marks

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(d)    allow 5 × 7

1

35 (%)1

an answer of 53 (%) scores 2 marks

(e)  781

(f)  fertilisation1

[9]

Q3.(a)     osmosis

1

partially permeable1

(b)     (i)      any two from:allow correct answers in terms of A

•        vacuole is small(er)•        cytoplasm has shrunk

allow cytoplasm is smaller•        gap between cytoplasm and cell wall•        cell wall curves inwards

allow cell B is flaccid or cell A is turgid•        the (cell) membrane has moved away from the wall

2

(ii)     any one from:

•        water will move / diffuse in•        (cells) will swell•        (cells) will burst

ignore turgid1

(c)     villi give the small intestines a large surface area1

villi have many blood capillaries1

[7]

Q4.(a)     (i)      A = nucleus

1

B = (cell) membrane1

(ii)     any two from:ignore shape

•        no (cell) wall

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•        no (large / permanent) vacuole

•        no chloroplasts / chlorophyll2

(b)     because high to low oxygen / concentration or down gradientallow ‘more / a lot of oxygen molecules outside’ignore along / across gradient

1

(c)     a tissue1

[6]

Q5.(a)    B

1

(b)     D1

(c)     A1

[3]

Q6.(a)     (i)      diffusion

apply list principle1

(ii)     Aapply list principle

1

(b)    (i)      osmosisapply list principle

1

(ii)     Rapply list principle

1[4]

Q7.(a)      A = nucleus

allow phonetic spelling1

B = (cell) membrane1

(b)     for repair / growth or to replace cellsignore new cells / skin

1

(c)     (i)      embryos1

(ii)     paralysis1

[5]

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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Atoms, elements and compounds

Chemists use symbols and formulae to represent elements and compounds. Word equations and balanced chemical equations represent the changes that happen in chemical reactions.

Mixtures

There are different ways to separate mixtures, such as filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography. The method chosen depends on the type of mixture.

Atomic Structure

Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells. The numbers of subatomic particles in an atom can be calculated from its atomic number and mass number.

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The periodic table

Mendeleev made an early periodic table. In the modern periodic table, elements are in order of atomic number in periods and groups. Electronic structures model how electrons are arranged in atoms.

Elements in group 1 and group 2 are metals. Atoms of group 1 elements have one electron in their outer shell, and atoms of group 2 elements have two electrons in their outer shell.

Elements in groups 6, 7 and 0 are non-metals. Atoms of group 7 elements have seven electrons in their outer shell, and atoms of group 0 elements, except helium, have eight electrons in their outer shell.

For detailed content and good videos on Atomic structure and the periodic table visit:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zcckk2p

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COMPLETE Exam-style questions for Atomic structure and the periodic table:

Q1.This question is about atoms and molecules.

(a)     Complete the table to show the relative masses of the particles in atoms. 

Name of particle Relative mass

Proton ______________

Neutron 1

Electron ______________

(2)

(b)     The diagram shows an oxygen atom.

 

Use the correct number to complete each sentence. 

8 16 18 24

The atomic (proton) number of the oxygen atom shown above is ______________ .

The mass number of the oxygen atom shown above is ______________________ .(2)

(c)     (i)      Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

  isotopes.

Oxygen atoms with different numbers of neutrons are called molecules.

  polymers.

(1)

(ii)     An oxygen atom with a different number of neutrons has 10 neutrons.

Draw a ring around the symbol which represents this atom.

                                                   (1)

(d)     A water molecule contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

(i)      Use the correct answer to complete the sentence. 

a compound an element a mixture

Water is ___________________________________ .(1)

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(ii)     Draw a ring around the correct structure of a water molecule.

H – O – H                         O – H – H                          O – H – O(1)

(iii)    Draw a ring around the type of bonding in a water molecule.

      covalent                         ionic                          metallic(1)

(iv)    Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

  gaining  

The bonds in a water molecule are formed by losing electrons.

  sharing  

(1)(Total 10 marks)

Q2.The table below shows the relative mass and charge of the particles in an atom.

 

Name of particle Relative mass Charge

proton 1 +1

neutron    

electron very small  

(a)  Complete the table above.(3)

(b)  The diagram below represents a lithium atom.

 

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the lithium atom shown in the diagram above.

Number of protons  _________________

Number of neutrons  _________________

Number of electrons  _________________(3)

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(c)  Scientific models of the atom have changed over time.

Draw one line from each description of the atomic model to the stage in the development of the atomic model.

 

Description of atomic model   Stage in the development of the atomic model

 

    Dalton atoms

A ball of positive charge with electrons embedded in it    

    Neutrons discovered

 

    Nucleus of atoms discovered

Spherical atoms    

    Plum pudding model

(2)(Total 8 marks)

Q3.This question is about the periodic table.

In 1864 John Newlands suggested an arrangement of elements.

Figure 1 shows the arrangement Newlands suggested.

Figure 1

(a)     Give two differences between column 1 in Figure 1 and Group 1 in the modern periodic table.

Use the periodic table to help you.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________ (2)

(b)     In 1869 Mendeleev produced his periodic table.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box. 

insoluble magnetic undiscovered unreactive

Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table for elements that were

_________________________________________ .(1)

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(c)     How are the elements ordered in the modern periodic table?

Tick one box. 

Atomic mass

Atomic number

Melting point

Reactivity

(1)

Figure 2 shows part of the modern periodic table.

Figure 2

(d)     Complete the sentences about the elements in Figure 2.

Choose the answers from the box. 

A D E G J

Sodium is an alkali metal and is represented by the letter ____________________.

An element in group 3 is represented by the letter ____________________.

A gaseous non-metal element is represented by the letter ____________________.(3)

(e)     Figure 3 shows the electronic structure of an atom.

Figure 3

This element is in the shaded group on Figure 2.

Why is this element unreactive?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

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(f)      Name the group of elements in the shaded column on Figure 2.

___________________________________________________________________(1)(Total 9 marks)

Q4.How a metal is used depends on its properties.

A teacher demonstrated some of the properties of sodium (an alkali metal) and iron (a transition element) by placing a small cube of each metal into water.

 

A student observed that: 

Sodium Iron

floated on the surface of the water sank to the bottom of the water

melted to form a molten ball of sodium did not melt

reacted to produce a gas did not react

no sodium was left after 5 minutes the cube of iron remained after 5 minutes

(a)     Tick ( ) two properties of sodium compared with iron that are shown by the student’s observations.

 

Sodium compared with iron Tick( )

sodium has a higher boiling point  

sodium has a lower density  

sodium is harder  

sodium is more reactive  

sodium is softer  

(2)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the word equation. 

            carbon dioxide

sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

            oxygen

(1)

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(c)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. 

  H+(aq)  

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali because it produces OH-(aq) ions

  Na+(aq)  

in aqueous solution.(1)

(Total 4 marks)

Q5.Group 7 is an important family of elements in the periodic table.

(a)     (i)      What name is given to the Group 7 elements?

         Draw a ring around your answer.

                     Halogens                    Noble gases            Transition elements(1)

(ii)     The grid shows some statements about Group 7 elements.

         Tick ( ) the two correct statements. 

Statement ( )

They are metals  

They consist of molecules  

They have coloured vapours  

They have high melting points  

(2)

(b)     The table gives information about some of the Group 7 elements. 

Name of element

Melting point in °C

Boiling point in °C

Electronic structure

Fluorine –220 –188 2, 7

Chlorine –101 –35 2, 8, 7

Bromine –7 58 2, 8, 18, 7

Iodine 114 183 2, 8, 18, 18, 7

          Use information from the table to help you to answer these questions.

          Write the correct number in the box to complete the sentence.

(i)      All these elements are in Group 7 because they have  electronsin their outer shell.

(1)

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(ii)     Draw a ring around the correct word in the box to complete the sentence. 

 

At 20 °C bromine is a

gas.

liquid.

solid.

(1)

(iii)     Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to name the Group 7 element that is not shown in the table.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     A student investigated the reactivity of three Group 7 elements.

          The student added:

•   aqueous chlorine to potassium bromide and potassium iodide solutions•   aqueous bromine to potassium chloride and potassium iodide solutions•   aqueous iodine to potassium chloride and potassium bromide solutions.

          The student’s results are shown in the table. 

Solutions of Potassium chloride

Potassium bromide Potassium iodide

Chlorine   Solution turned orange-brown

Solution turnedbrown

Bromine No change   Solution turnedbrown

Iodine No change No change  

          Explain how these results show that chlorine is more reactive than bromine and iodine.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 8 marks)

YOUR SCORE:………………………………../39 marks

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MARK the previous Atomic structure and the periodic table questions using the mark scheme below:

Q1.(a)    proton 1

ignore ±1

electron very small owtteallow zero allow values from 1 / 1800 to 1 / 2000 or 0.0005 – 0.00055

1

(b)     81

161

(c)     (i)      Isotopes1

(ii)        1

(d)     (i)      compound1

(ii)     H-O-H1

(iii)    covalent1

(iv)    sharing1

[10]

Q2.(a)

name of particle

relative mass charge  

proton (1) (+1)  

neutron 1 0 1 + 1

electron (very small) −1 1

allow words instead of numbersallow neutral or no charge for the neutron

(b)  (protons) 31

(neutrons) 41

(electrons) 31

allow words instead of numbers

(c)

~ 25 ~

 11

[8]

Q3.(a)     any two from:

•        hydrogen is in group 1 on Newlands table•        fluorine / chlorine / halogens are in group 1 on Newlands table•        alkali metals are in group 2 on Newlands table

allow converse arguments relating to modern tableallow lithium / sodium / potassium for alkali metals

2

(b)     undiscovered1

(c)     atomic number1

(d)     D1

E1

A1

must be in this order

(e)     has a complete outer shell of electronsallow because has a stable arrangement of electrons

1

(f)      noble gases1

[9]

Q4.(a)     sodium has a lower density

1

sodium is more reactive1

(b)     hydrogen1

(c)     OH–(aq)1

[4]

~ 26 ~

Q5.(a)     (i)      Halogens

1

(ii)     They consist of molecules1

         They have coloured vapours1

(b)     (i)      7 / seven1

(ii)     liquid1

(iii)     astatineallow obvious mis-spellingignore At

1

(c)     chlorine reacts with (the) bromide [owtte]1

          chlorine reacts with (the) iodide [owtte]allow chlorine reacts with bothorchlorine has more reactions for 2 marksorbromine reacts with one and iodine does not react at all for 2 marks

1

~ 27 ~

Energy

Changes in energy stores

Energy can be described as being in different ‘stores’. It cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transferred, dissipated or stored in different ways.

There are many stores of energy, including: magnetic internal (thermal) chemical kinetic electrostatic elastic potential gravitational potential nuclear

Work, power and efficiency

Energy is a key principle in physics, as it allows work (W) to be done. The rate at which energy is transferred is called power and the amount of energy that is usefully transferred is called efficiency.

The equation used to calculate the work done is:work done = force × distance

This is when: work done (W) is measured in joules (J) force (F) is measured in newtons (N) distance (d) is in the same direction as the force and is measured in metres (m)

In this example, a force of 10 N causes the box to move a horizontal distance of 2 m, so:

The equation used to calculate power is:

This is when: power (P) is measured in watts (W) work done (W) is measured in joules (J) time (t) is measured in seconds (s)

~ 28 ~

The efficiency of a device is the proportion of the energy supplied that is transferred in useful ways. The efficiency can be calculated as a decimal or a percentage, using the equations:

Energy and heating

Energy is transmitted by conduction, convection or radiation. The conductivity of materials can be compared by examining the time taken to transmit energy through them.

Energy demands

Every person, animal and device transfers energy. Much of the energy that is supplied by electricity which must be generated from other energy stores; some are renewable but most are non-renewable.

For detailed content and good videos on Energy visit:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z89ddxs

~ 29 ~

COMPLETE Exam-style questions for Energy:

Q1.A student did an experiment to calculate her power.The diagram below shows how she obtained the measurements needed.

The student first weighed herself and then ran up a flight of stairs. A second student timed how long it took her to go from the bottom to the top of the stairs. The height of the stairs was also measured.

 

(a)     Complete the following sentence.

To run up the stairs the student must do work against

the force of ___________ .(1)

(b)     The student did 2240 J of work going from the bottom of the stairs to the top of the stairs.

The student took 2.8 seconds to run up the stairs.

(i)      Calculate the power the student developed when running up the stairs.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Power = ___________ W(2)

(ii)     How much gravitational potential energy did the student gain in going from the bottom to the top of the stairs?

Tick (✔) one box. 

much more than 2240 J

2240 J

much less than 2240 J

(1)

(c)     Another four students did the same experiment.

The measurements taken and the calculated values for power are given in the table. 

Student Weight in Time taken in Power in watts

~ 30 ~

newtons seconds

A 285 3.8 240

B 360 2.4 480

C 600 3.4 560

D 725 4.0 580

(i)      To make a fair comparison of their powers the students kept one variable in the experiment constant.

What variable did the students keep constant?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     From the data in the table a student wrote the following conclusion.

'The greater the weight of the student the greater the power developed.'

Suggest why this conclusion may not be true for a larger group of students.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q2.The appliances shown below transfer electrical energy to other types of energy.

 

~ 31 ~

(a)     The vacuum cleaner is designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy.

Three more of the appliances are also designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy. Which three?

Draw a ring around each correct appliance.3

(b)     Which two of the following statements are true?

Tick ( ) two boxes. 

Appliances only transfer part of the energy usefully.

The energy transferred by appliances will be destroyed.

The energy transferred by appliances makes the surroundings warmer.

The energy output from an appliance is bigger than the energy input.

(2)(Total 5 marks)

Q3.There are many different energy resources.

(a)  Which two energy resources are renewable?

Tick two boxes. 

Biofuel

Coal

Gas

Geothermal

Nuclear fuel

(2)

~ 32 ~

(b)  Some non-renewable energy resources are more reliable than others.

Which statement correctly describes a reliable resource?

Tick one box. 

It does not burn fuel.

It is predictable.

It will never run out.

It is cheap to use.

(1)

(c)  Figure 1 shows a wind farm.

Figure 1

 

The total power output of the wind farm is 19.6 MW

All of the wind turbines have the same power output.

What is the power output of one wind turbine?

Tick one box. 

2.7 MW

2.8 MW

2.9 MW

3.2 MW

3.3 MW

(1)

~ 33 ~

(d)  Give two reasons why people might not like having wind turbines near their homes.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________(2)

(e)  Figure 2 shows the electricity generated by different energy resources in the UK.

The total amount of electricity generated was the same in 2014 and in 2015

Figure 2

 

There are changes in the amounts of different energy resources used between 2014 and 2015

Explain the environmental impacts of the changes.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(4)

(Total 10 marks)

~ 34 ~

Q4.A person uses a stairlift to go upstairs. The stairlift is powered by an electric motor.

 

The Sankey diagram shows the energy transfers for the electric motor.

 

(a)     Complete the following sentence.

The electric motor wastes energy as _______________________ energy.(1)

(b)     Use the equation in the box to calculate the efficiency of the electric motor.

 

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = _______________________(2)

(Total 3 marks)

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Q5.The image shows a man using a leaf blower to move some leaves.

 

The leaf blower is powered by an electric motor connected to a battery.

(a)     Energy transfers take place when the leaf blower is being used.

Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence. 

chemical electrical kinetic nuclear sound

The battery stores _____________________ energy which is transferred into electrical energy.

The electric motor transfers electrical energy usefully into _____________________ energy.

The motor wastes energy as _____________________ energy and as energy that heats the surroundings.

(3)

(b)     The total power input to the leaf blower is 750 W.The useful power output of the leaf blower is 360 W.

Calculate the efficiency of the leaf blower.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = _________________(2)(Total 5 marks)

Q6.The electric kettle shown below is used to boil water.

 ©leeser87/iStock

(a)     After the water has boiled, the temperature of the water decreases by 22 °C.The mass of water in the kettle is 0.50 kg.The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C.

Calculate the energy transferred to the surroundings from the water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Energy = ____________ joules(2)

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(b)     Why is the total energy input to the kettle higher than the energy used to heat the water?

Tick (✔) one box. 

  Tick (✔)

Energy is absorbed from the surroundings.  

Energy is used to heat the kettle.  

The kettle is more than 100% efficient.  

(1)(Total 3 marks)

Q7.(a)     The pie chart shows the proportions of electricity generated in the UK from different energy sources in 2010.

 

(i)      Calculate the percentage of electricity generated using fossil fuels.

______________________________________________________________

Percentage = ______________________ %1)

(ii)     The pie chart shows that 7% of electricity was generated using renewable energy sources.

Which one of the following is not a renewable energy source?

Tick ( ) one box. 

Oil

Solar

Wind

(1)

(b)     Complete the following sentence.

In some types of power station, fossil fuels are burned to heat ________________ to produce steam.

(1)

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(c)     Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Why do many scientists think adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is harmful to the environment?

Tick ( ) one box. 

Carbon dioxide is the main cause of acid rain.

Carbon dioxide causes global warming.

Carbon dioxide causes visual pollution.

(1)(Total 4 marks)

Q8.Wind and tides are energy sources that are used to generate electricity.

(a)     Complete each sentence by putting a tick (  ) in the box next to the correct answer.

(i)      The wind is

a non-renewable energy source.

a constant energy source.

an unreliable energy source.

(1)

(ii)     The tides are

a renewable energy source.

a constant energy source.

an unreliable energy source.

(1)

(b)     If wood is to be used as a renewable energy source, what must be done each time a tree is chopped down?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

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(c)     In the UK, electricity is generated using renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The graph shows the percentage of electricity generated using renewable energy sources between 1990 and 2005.

 

Year

Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct answer in the box.

In 2015, the percentage of electricity generated using renewable energy sources 

  greater than 4 %.

is most likely to be equal to 4 %.

  less than 4 %.

(1)(Total 4 marks)

YOUR SCORE:………………………………../40 marks

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MARK the previous Energy questions using the mark scheme below:

Q1.(a)     gravity

accept weight for gravityair resistance is insufficient

1

(b)     (i)      800allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie

 provided no subsequent step

2

(ii)     2240 J1

(c)     (i)      (vertical) heightaccept (height of) stairs

1

(ii)     a fast / short time (for a lighter student) may give the greatest poweraccept time is a factor

ora slow / long time (for a heavy student) may give the least power

fitness is insufficient1

[6]

Q2.(a)     fan

1

drill1

washing machinefour circled including correct three scores 1 markfive circled scores zero

1

(b)      Appliances only transfer part of the energy usefully1

The energy transferred by appliances makes the surroundings warmer1

[5] 

Q3.(a)  biofuel

1

geothermal1

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(b)  it is predictable1

(c)  2.8 MW1

(d)  any two from:•   visual pollution•   noise pollution•   dangerous to birds•   may lower house prices

2

(e)  Level 2: Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, given in detail and logically linked to form a clear account.

3−4

Level 1: Points are identified and stated simply, but their relevance is not clear and there is no attempt at logical linking.

1−2

No relevant content0

Indicative content

•   less fossil fuel burnt•   more nuclear fuel used•   more renewables used•   gas remained the same•   less carbon dioxide released•   less greenhouse gases•   less global warming•   less acid rain•   less environmental pollution•   more hazardous waste produced (nuclear)•   the percentage generated by coal has decreased 8%•   the percentage generated by renewables has increased by 6%•   the percentage generated by nuclear has increased by 2%

[10]

Q4.(a)     heat / thermal

or / andsound

do not accept noiseother forms of energy eg light negates answer

1

(b)     0.4or40 %

allow 1 mark for orequivalent fractionan answer 0.4 % gains 1 markanswers 0.4 or 40 given with any unit gains 1 mark40 without % gains 1 mark

2[3]

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Q5.(a)      chemical

correct order only1

kinetic1

sound1

(b)     48% or 0.48an answer of 0.48 with a unit gains 1 markan answer of 0.48% gains 1 markan answer of 48 with or without a unit gains 1 mark

2[5]

Q6.(a)     46 200

accept 46 000allow 1 mark for correct substitutionie 0.5 × 4200 × 22 provided no subsequent step

2

(b)     Energy is used to heat the kettle.1

[3]

Q7.(a)     (i)       77

1

(ii)     Oil1

(b)     wateraccept H2O

1

(c)     Carbon dioxide causes global warming1

[4]

Q8.(a)     (i)       an unreliable energy source

1

(ii)      a renewable energy source1

(b)      plant / grow (at least) one new tree1

(c)      greater than 4%1

[4]

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