Www.spin-community.org Status of Spin Physics and Experiments Erhard Steffens University of...

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Status of Spin Physics and Experiments

Erhard Steffens

University of Erlangen-Nürnberg

Chair, International Committee for Spin Physics Symposia

I. Tasks („Mission“) of our CommunityII. Spin Symposia and WorkshopsIII. Where do we stand?IV. Prospects and Outlook


E. Steffens FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg PSTP'11 Petersburg Sept.2011 2

Welcome to PSTP’11 !PSTP‘11 is

organized by Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute and National Research University

sponsored by the International Spin Physics Committee (ISPC)

2011-12 Members, International Committee for Spin Physics Symposia E. Steffens – Erlangen (Chair) T. Roser – BNL (Past-Chair)R. G. Milner – MIT (Chair-Elect) M. Anselmino – TorinoA.S. Belov – INR Moscow A.V. Efremov – DubnaHyan Gao – Duke K.I. Imai – KyotoA.D. Krisch – Michigan P. Lenisa – FerraraG. Mallot – CERN M. Poelker – JLabR. Prepost – Madison N. Saito – KEKH. Sakai – Tokyo E.J. Stephenson – IUCFH. Stroeher – Jülich E.N. Tyurin – IHEP

Honorary MembersF. Bradamante – Trieste E.D. Courant – BNL D.G. Crabb – Virginia G. Fidecaro – CERN W. Haeberli – Wisconsin A. Masaike – Kyoto C.Y. Prescott – Stanford V. Soergel – Heidelberg W.T.H. van Oers - Manitoba



Mission of our Community

‚Spin‘ or ‚Polarization‘ experiments require special techniques like polarized beams

and/or targets, which are not routinely available.

Such techniques were first discussed at special symposia, later in addition at topical

or regular workshops. The first symposium of this kind at Basel in 1960 (51 years

ago!) was organized shortly after the first polarized ion source – for deuterons – was

running.

These meetings serve to

o spread the Know-how of our special techniques („Spin Tools“)

o build up a community

o develop new ideas

The meetings are initiated by the Spin Committee and organized by Local Groups.

They have to follow the rules imposed by the SpinCom in order to provide a

platform for new ideas open for every scientist.


History of Spin Conferences


Two conference series related to Spin/Polarization phenomena in nuclear and particle physics:

1.Symposia on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions

2.Symposia on High Energy Spin Physics


Symposia on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions


• Start: Basel 1960 (Basel: first working polarized ion source & scattering experiments with polarized beam from source!)

• Following, every 5 years: Karlsruhe 1965, Madison 1970, Zürich 1975*, Santa Fe 1980*, Osaka 1985*, Paris 1990* (resolution to merge with HE Spin Physics), Bloomington 1994 (last independent meeting, in parallel to HE Spin Physics Symposium)

*) attendance


Symposia on High Energy Spin Physics


• Start: Argonne 1974 (at ANL: First polarized HE beam in the 12 GeV Zero-Gradient-Synchrotron!)

• Following, every 2 years: Argonne 1976, 1978, Lausanne 1980, BNL 1982, Marseille 1984, Protvino 1986, Minneapolis 1988*, Bonn 1990*, Nagoya 1992*, Bloomington 1994 (in parallel to

Polarization Symposium) , Amsterdam 1996, Protvino 1998* (last HE Spin Symposium)

*) attendance


‘Joint’ Symposia on Spin Physics


• Start: Osaka 2000* Millenium Conference!

• Following, every 2 years: Brookhaven 2002*, Trieste 2004*, Kyoto 2006*, Charlottesville 2008*; Jülich 2010*, next meeting: Dubna 2012!!

• ISPC Committee composed of members from the former nuclear and HE spin physics community

*) attendance

How is the Spin Physics Community linked together?

• Spin Symposia are uniquely dedicated to the fundamental role of spin in nuclear and particle physics.

• There is consensus, that the connection is mediated by the development of ‘Spin Tools’ enabling us to perform ‘Spin experiments’ or ‘Polarization experiments’.

Diffraction

DIS Material science with pol. neutrons

Nucl. structure

Spin structureNN interaction

SPIN TOOL

S

Spin tools are discussed in detail at Workshops (regular or topical)

E. Steffens FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg 8PSTP'11 Petersburg Sept.2011


Spin Story presented by an

Insider The talk is not on the

Web anymore – ask me for file


The Spin Toolbox


Polarized Gas Targets

Polarized Solid Targets

Polarized Ion Sources

Polarized Electron Sources Polarimeters

Spin Theory



The first Meeting on Spin Tools (?)

The first meeting known to me:

Int. Conference on Polarized Targets and Ion SourcesSaclay 1966 – Chairman A. Abragam• Solid proton targets polarized by DNP (Jeffries, Borghini,

Saclay group, ...) • Application of solid polarized targets for neutron physics:

Spectroscopy, Spin Filtering of neutrons (F.L. Shapiro – Dubna),...

• Nice overview ‘Polarized Ion Sources’ by R. Beurty (Saclay): Lamb Shift sources and Classical Sources (ABS) – still worth reading!


Early Workshops on Spin Tools


• The 2nd conference on (solid) pol. targets took place at Berkeley 1971 (chair: O. Chamberlain)

• Work on Spin Tools was discussed at the Polarization Symposia: Karlsruhe 1965 (e.g. 1st ideas on a Colliding Beam Source by W. Haeberli), Madison 1970 (e.g. achromatic focusing by means of a compressor sextupole – H.F. Glavish), Zürich 1975 (e.g. pol. electrons from a GaAs cathode by Müller/IBM) and Santa Fe (e.g. 1st exp. demonstration of the CBS by the Madison group)

• Similar work has been presented at the HE Spin Symposia




Topical workshops – initiated mostly by the HE Spin community:

• Ann Arbor 1981 & Vancouver 1883 ‘High intensity pol. proton sources’

• Abingdon 1981, BNL 1982, Bad Honnef 1984 ‘Pol. Target Materials and Techniques’

• Bodega Bay 1985 ‘Polarized antiprotons’


List of topics discussed at the workshop:

1.Polarized antiprotons from the decay in flight of antihyperons

2.Spin filtering of antiprotons by a polarized hydrogen target in a storage ring

3.Stochastic techniques à la ‘Stochastic Cooling’

4.DNP in flight using polarized electrons and microwave radiation

5.Spontaneous Spin-Flip synchrotron radiation

6.Spin-Flip synchrotron radiation induced by X-ray laser

7.Polarization by scattering

8.Repeated Stern-Gerlach deflection

9.Polarized antiprotons via the formation of antihydrogen and application of the ABS method

10.Polarizing during storage in a Penning trap

11.Polarizing by Channeling

12.Polarizing through interaction with polarized X-rays from a diamond crystal

*) Proc. Workshop on Polarized Antiprotons, Bodega Bay, CA, 1985. A.D. Krisch, A.M.T. Lin, O. Chamberlain (Edts.), AIP Conf. Proc. 145 (1986) 207

Workshop Bodega Bay




Topical workshops – initiated mostly by the HE Spin community:

• Ann Arbor 1981, Vancouver 1883 ‘High Intensity Pol. Proton Sources’

• Abingdon 1981, BNL 1982, Bad Honnef 1984 ‘Pol. Target Materials and Techniques’

• Bodega Bay 1985 ‘Polarized Antiprotons’

• Montana 1986 ‘Polarized Sources and Targets’

• Minneapolis 1988 and Bonn 1990: several satellite workshops to Spin88 and Spin90

• KEK 1990 ‘Pol. Ion Sources and Gas Jets’

E. Steffens FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg

PSTP'11 Petersburg Sept.2011 16

Workshop KEK 1990

E. Steffens FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg

PSTP'11 Petersburg Sept.2011 17


Workshops after 1990


After 1990: Workshops predominantly in the uneven years between the Spin Symposia!

e.g. on ‘Pol. Beams/Sources and Targets’:Heidelberg 1991 (restricted to ‘Pol. Gas Targets’)


Heidelberg 1991: Polarized Gas Targets


• Hot topic: polarized gas targets for storage rings

• Running: polarized deuterium target at VEPP3 (Novosibirsk)

• Projects: FILTEX/HERMES, IUCF 3He test run, IUCF PINTEX, AmPS (NIKHEF)


Heidelberg 1991: Polarized Gas Targets






e.g. on ‘Pol. Beams/Sources and Targets’:Heidelberg 1991 (restricted to ‘Pol. Gas Targets’)

Madison 1993, Cologne 1995, Urbana 1997, Erlangen 1999


Erlangen 1999: PST99






e.g. on ‘Pol. Beams/Sources and Targets’:

Heidelberg 1991 (restricted to ‘Pol. Gas Targets’)

Madison 1993, Cologne 1995, Urbana 1997, Erlangen 1999,

Nashville 2001, Novosibirsk 2003, Tokyo 2005, Brookhaven 2007, Ferrara 2009

and now in St. Petersburg 2011 !


The Spin Toolbox


Polarized Ion Sources

Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source at RHIC, Brookhaven

Nat.Lab.

Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source at RHIC, Brookhaven

Nat.Lab.

RHIC OPPIS produces reliably 0.5-1.0mA(maximum 1.6 mA) polarized H- ion current.Pulse duration 400 s.Polarization at 200 MeV P = 85-90 %.


The Spin Toolbox


Polarized Electron Sources

DANILAC Electron Injector, Darmstadt


The Spin Toolbox


Polarized Solid Targets

COMPASS Polarized Target, CERN


The Spin Toolbox


Polarized Gas Targets

ABS and Storage Cell Target with ANKE Spectrometer, COSY FZ Jülich


The Spin Toolbox


Polarimeters

HERMES Compton Polarimeter (LPOL) for 27.5GeV Electrons stored in HERA DESY Hamburg


The Spin Toolbox


Spin Theory

Decomposition of Nucleon Spin, discussed e.g. at recent Theory workshop ‘Transversity 2011’, or the upcoming workshop ‘DSPIN11’



Future Workshops on Spin Tools

• Topical vs. regular workshops

• Is the division into different topics reasonable (ion beams & targets, electron sources, solid targets, 3He, ...)?

• Do new ideas emerge from such workshops?

• Do we have enough exchange with other fields?



Future Workshops on Spin Tools

• Atomic beams

• Ion beams

• Open gas targets

• Closed/high pressure gas targets

• Solid polarized targets

• Photon beams

• Electron sources

• Polarimetry of- ion beams- electrons beams- recoils- decay particles- neutrons

• Applications in- medicine- material research- electronics- ......


My Conclusions


Our workshops have an impressive history with many innovations for spin experiments

New initiatives needed in order to keep the field up and active

I look forward to a creative meeting in a stimulating atmosphere!

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