Www.idcoalition.org Alternatives to detention and their practical implementation Introducing the CAP...
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www.idcoalition.org
Alternatives to detention and their practical implementation
Introducing the CAP model
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Alternatives to immigration detention
• International trends • International research findings• Benefits of alternative models for
government, community and individual
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Key findings
• Detention harms health and wellbeing• Detention interferes with human rights • Detention doesn’t deter• There are alternatives to detention• They are cheaper and more humane than
detention• They can be effective in meeting government
requirements of compliance and co-operation.
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1. Release provisions2. Community models3. Conditional release
Alternatives in practice
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1. Release provisions• Procedural safeguards (judicial
review, court order, parole, time limits etc)
• Administrative and discretionary release provisions
• Registration and documentation• Vulnerable group release• Own recognizance• Guarantors• Regularization• Adhoc
Alternatives in practice
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2. Community models:• Open reception centre• Ethnic community • Shelters• Family/community group/faith
based organisation/NGO• Case management programs
Alternatives in practice
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3. Conditional release:
• Individual undertakings – requirements on an individual to comply and cooperate
• Monitoring – Mechanisms such as reporting, registration or nominated address
• Supervision – Mechanisms such as interaction and evaluation of individual cases
• Intensive case resolution – Involves coordination and case management and return programs
• Negative consequences for non-compliance – such as bail, bond and surety arrangements
Alternatives in practice
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International research
Two key findings: 1) Mechanisms which prevent
unnecessary detention2) Strategies for effective and humane
case resolution in the community
The CAP model assists governments:• Assess their current detention policy and
explore the implementation of alternatives
• Make informed decisions on individual placement, support and management requirements
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Presumption against detention
Ensuring a presumption against detention, and detention as a last resort in law and there is a legal mandate for alternatives in law, including:
• Certain vulnerable groups are not detained
• Grounds for detention as a last resort and limitations on detention are clearly outlined in law
• Procedures to direct officers to assess, explore and implement liberty and community-based alternatives in the first instance
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Screening & Assessment
Irregular migrants are often treated as posing similar risks.
States with screening and assessment processes are better placed to make informed decisions on the need to detain, not detain or conditional release, and under what circumstances.
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Individual Assessment
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Legal Obligations
Assessing the legal basis to detain:
– Whether alternatives are required or have been explored
– Groups that should not be detained– If other legal grounds for stay in a
country have been met, i.e. status or visa decisions
– Time limits pertaining to a person’s detention
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Identity, Health and Security checks
• Health checks on arrival • Identity - Release of individuals
cooperating with establishing identity or awaiting decision; sworn affidavits of identity.
• Security – Streamlined and reviewable checks related to national security and public order; release of individuals assisting and complying with security check process, avoiding prolonged detention.
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Individual case factors
Relevant in assessing risk of absconding:
– Stage in the migration process– Intended destination– Community ties– Belief in the process– Character
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Vulnerability Assessment
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Community Assessment
Assessing the community setting assists in determining factors that support or undermine a person’s ability to comply with liberty and release conditions:
• Ability to meet basic needs• Documentation• Legal advice and interpretation• Case management
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Case management model
• A way of working with refugees, asylum seekers and migrants in the community
• Focus on welfare, psychosocial needs and all immigration outcomes
• Preparing, supporting and empowering individuals throughout their immigration process
• Improves compliance with immigration requirementsPartnership
between civil society organisations and government is critical
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Conditional Release
• Individual undertakings• Monitoring• Supervision• Negative consequences for non-
compliance• Intensive case resolution
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Conditional Release
Intensive case resolution
Case management for complex cases Return preparation programs with case
management and legal support
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Intensive Case Resolution
Return preparation programs
Examples include:• Return preparation counseling• Legal advice on options to remain or
return lawfully• Health and welfare assistance• Travel and repatriation assistance (AVR)• Case management assistance
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Intensive Case Resolution
Case management strategies for cases facing return:
• Identify barriers to departure• Stabilize health and assist individuals cope
and have trust in the process• Assist individuals explore a long-term
sustainable solution, such as:– Exploring legal options to remain– Reassessment of new case information– Exploring third country options and
relocation to other areas in country of origin
– Exploring repatriation support needs
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Benefits of alternatives
to i
mmigration detention
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Ensuring compliance Asylum seekers and irregular migrants are a low
risk to abscond if they are awaiting a decision on their case.
Alternatives themselves mitigate risk of absconding (e.g. legal advice, case management etc.)
individuals are better able to comply and cooperate in the community if they:
– Are able to meet their basic needs– Have been through a fair and informed
process – Are supported to achieve sustainable long-
term solutions while awaiting a decision on their case.
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Benefits
• High rates of compliance• Cheaper than detention• Reduce wrongful detention and litigation• Reduce overcrowding and long-term
detention • Protect and fulfill human rights• Increase voluntary departure rates for
refused cases• Improve integration outcomes for
approved cases • Improve health and well being
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Benefits
• Alternatives cost less than detention 80% average saving, averaging $100 a
day
For example: A cost saving of 93% was noted in Canada, and 69% in Australia, on alternatives to detention compared to detention costs.
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Benefits
• Alternatives maintain high rates of compliance and appearance
90% average compliance rates
A recent study collating evidence from 13 programs found compliance rates ranged between 80% and 99.9%.
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Benefits
• Alternatives increase independent departure and voluntary return rates for refused cases
65% average – up to 82% reported
Examples in Canada, Australia and the US of both refused asylum seekers and irregular migrants had return rates of between 60% and 69%, while Sweden reported an 82% rate of return from the community among refused asylum seekers.
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Key message
The CAP model assists governments:• Assess their current detention policy and
explore the implementation of alternatives • Make informed decisions on individual
placement, support and management requirements
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Key message
By assessing the individual and community context and applying conditions in the community if required, governments can make informed decisions on individual placement, management and support requirements.
These mechanisms reduce the financial and human cost of immigration detention. while meeting government and community expectations.
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Thank you
– Follow us on Twitterwww.twitter.com/idcmonitor
For more informationwww.idcoalition.org
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Essential components:
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