Www.clima2005.ch The Future of the HVAC&R Industry Richard B. Hayter Kansas State University Sheila...
26
C lim a 2005 Lausanne |Solothurnstrasse 13 |C H -3322 Schönbühl |Sw itzerland 8 th REHVA W orld C ongress |Phone +41 (31)852 13 00 |Fax +41 (31)852 13 01 | Email:[email protected] www.clima2005.ch C lim a 2005 Lausanne |Solothurnstrasse 13 |C H -3322 Schönbühl |Sw itzerland 8 th REHVA W orld C ongress |Phone +41 (31)852 13 00 |Fax +41 (31)852 13 01 | Email:[email protected] www.clima2005.ch The Future of the HVAC&R Industry Richard B. Hayter Kansas State University Sheila J. Hayter U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Paper #134, Topic #5.4
Transcript of Www.clima2005.ch The Future of the HVAC&R Industry Richard B. Hayter Kansas State University Sheila...
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.chClima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
The Future of the HVAC&R Industry
Richard B. HayterKansas State University
Sheila J. HayterU.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Paper #134, Topic #5.4
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
A Perspective on the Future
“No sensible decision can be made any longer without
taking into account not only the world as it is but the
world as it will be.”
Isaac Asimov
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
A Perspective on the Future
A world population of 6B, increasing to perhaps 10B by 2050
Rising expectations of developing countries
Escalating demand on (finite) resources
Political and economic instability
Preservation of the environment Jim Schultz
CLIMA 2001
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
A Perspective on the Future
Building envelopes that serve a dual role as the building electrical power source
Power sources within the building (micro turbines, fuel cells)
Refrigerant free, energy efficient refrigeration and space cooling equipment
R. B. Hayter
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Overview
Learning from the past
The HVAC&R Market
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
Looking Ahead
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Learning from the Past
In the past, buildings in warm climates had operable windows with awnings for shade, high ceilings and portable fans.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Learning from the Past
The U.S. National Academy of Engineering selected air-conditioning and refrigeration as one of the “Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century.”
Since 1940 eight of the 10 fastest growing cities in the U.S. are in the southern part of the country.
Today, in excess of 55% of the entire U.S. housing stock has central air-conditioning and 75% of all newly constructed homes have central air-conditioning.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
The HVAC Market
Courtesy ARI
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
The HVAC Market
33,297 CFC chillers still remain in use in the US.
Replacement chillers are at least 40% more efficient than those installed 40 years ago.
CO2 production has been reduced by 4 million tons/year as a result of chiller replacement.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
The HVAC Market
Shipment-Weighted Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratios of Unitary Air-Conditioners (Less than 65,000 BTUH) Courtesy ARI
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
“The solutions to infrastructure problems are probably 5% technical and 95% social, political, environmental and economic.”
U.S. National Science Foundation Civil Infrastructure Systems Task Force.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
1. Energy
2. Environment
3. Human Factors
4. Political
5. Societal
6. Communication
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
1. Energy
The U.S. residential and commercial sectors account for 40% of the total energy consumed in the country.
41% of all electricity consumed in commercial buildings is for comfort cooling, ventilation and refrigeration.
Consumers are demanding sustainable building design, construction and operation are key.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications2. Environment
“If every centrifugal chiller had an efficacy of 0.48 kW/Ton vs. 0.56, annual plant emissions would be reduced by• Nearly 17 billion pounds of C02
• Over 64 billion grams of SO2
• Over 27 billion grams of Nox
Which is equivalent to:• Removing over 2 X 106 cars from the road• Planting nearly 500 X 106 trees each year.”
Jim WolfASHRAE Presidential Member
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
3. Human Factors
Employee cost per unit area of an office building in the U.S. is 100 times that of the operating cost of the building.
Jeopardizing employee performance because of poor control of the indoor environment could be a major cost to employer.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
4. Political
Public policy affecting building design, construction and operation must be based on solid technical principles, not politically based restrictions.
System design and performance standards must be uniform throughout the globe and be based on technology rather than market protection.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
5. Societal
The consumer is demanding that buildings be
sustainable safe free from harmful contaminants structurally sound safe from acts of violence
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Influences on HVAC&R Applications
6. Communication
The internet gives us a “flat” world. It allows us to
Share educational programs,
Relay and discuss research results* and
Create global design teams independent of location.
*Information available on the Web may not have undergone the scrutiny of peer review.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
1. Equipment and Systems
Improvements in compressor modulation
Cost effective expansion recovery systems
Reliable, oil-less drives
Improvements in refrigerant heat exchanger performance
Jim Schultz
CLIMA 2001
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
1. Equipment and Systems Continued
Increased use of radiant cooling Expanded use on individual climate control Natural and displacement ventilation More applications of refrigerant free cooling
R.B. Hayter
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
2. Refrigerants
Development of new, environmentally benign refrigerant blends
Increased use of natural, flammable and explosive refrigerants in systems that are safe and that have an acceptable COP.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
3. Controllers
Building automation will migrate from central control to the equipment level.
Wireless controllers will give greater flexibility. Point control applications will increase. Internet based control will expand. Systems will be less susceptible to power quality
anomalies.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
4. Human Factors
Use of multivariate controllers will increase.
The understanding about effects of air quality will increase as will our ability to control it.
Demand for acoustic control will increase
The effect of the indoor environment on productivity will be quantified.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
5. Specialty Environments
Individual control of environments within the personal space will increase.
Preservation of food and environmental control of food animal confinement housing will increase.
The demands by the manufacturing sector for precise environmental control will increase.
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Looking Ahead
6. Design Team
Clima 2005 Lausanne | Solothurnstrasse 13 | CH-3322 Schönbühl | Switzerland
8th REHVA World Congress | Phone +41 (31) 852 13 00 | Fax +41 (31) 852 13 01 | Email: [email protected]
www.clima2005.ch
Conclusion
“Vision without action is merely a dream and action without vision just passes the time, but vision with action can change the world.”
Joel Barker
