WWII

1939-1945

ALLIES•Poland (1939)•Britain (1939)•France(1939)•Soviet Union (1941)•U.S. (1941)•China (1941)

AXIS•Germany (1939)•Italy(1940)•Japan (1940)•Soviet Union (1939-1941)

THEATERS•Europe•N. Atlantic Ocean•North Africa•Southeast Asia•China•Pacific Ocean•Japan (air)

CAUSE

S

•Rise in German Military•Issues over territory (land)•German harsh “guilt clause”

•Great Depression hurt all countries. Allowed Hitler and the Nazi party to rise

•League of Nations was too relaxed on enforcing global leadership

•Japan wanted to be a world power–Invaded China and angered US.

–US helped China (oil)

LEND-LEASE ACT•F.D.R President•US again wanted to remain neutral.

•They were helping the allied powers by “lending” money and war supplies.

•Hurt Japan. (fight for oil)

WAR TIMELINE•Sept.1939: Germany invades Poland

•France, Britain declare war on Germany.

•Soviet Union joins Germany

WAR TIMELINE•Aug. 1940: Japan joins Germany, Italy

•June 1941: Germany invades Soviet Union.

•Soviet Union joins Allied powers

PEARL

Harbor

Pearl Harbor•December 7, 1941•Japan surprise attacks naval fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

•Wake the sleeping giant•Mission not accomplished

Pearl Harbor•December 8, 1941: declare war on Japan

•Dec. 11: Germany declares war on US

•Feb. 1942: FDR has Japanese-Americans held for duration of war

Battle of Midway•June 1942: US sinks 4 of the best Japanese aircraft carriers

•Turning point of the war

WAR TIMELINE•Sept 8, 1943: Italy surrenders

•D-Day: June 6, 1944–US invades Normandy–Germany surrenders after much death and fighting

WAR TIMELINE•April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide with his wife

•May 1945: Germany surrenders completely

ATOMIC

BOMB

Target Hiroshima NagasakiTokyo Fire Raid

Average of 93Attacks on Cities

Dead/Missing

70,000-80,000 35,000-40,000 83,000 1,850

Wounded 70,000 40,000 102,000 1,830

Population Density

35,000 per sq mile 65,000 per sq mile130,000 per sq mile

?

Total Casualties

140,000-150,000 75,000-80,000 185,000 3,680

Area Destroyed

4.7 sq mile 1.8 sq mile15.8 sq mile

1.8 sq mile

Attacking Platform

1 B-29 1 B-29 334 B-29s B-29s

Weapon(s)

'Tall Boy' 15 kT (15,000 tons of TNT)

'Fat Man' 21 kT (21,000 tons of TNT)

1,667 tons1,129 tons

Super Weapon•Quick and easy end. (less American loss)

•Firebombed Tokyo (Apr-June)

•Aug. 6, 1945: dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima and destroyed the city.

Super Weapon•Japan would not reply for call of surrender

•Aug. 9, 1945: dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki.

•Aug. 15: Japan surrendered

HOLOCAUST

Holocaust•Organized mass murder•12 million dead (2/3 Jewish)

•Open-air killings of citizens•1942: “Final Solution” Kill all Jews in Europe

Holocaust•6 extermination camps•Gassed or shot immediately•Some were worked to death

•Few survived•Many children murdered

Technology•“This is a war of machines, and of ships and airplanes powered by oil. This is an oil war.”

•Texas supplied 80% of oil

Technology•Nuclear weapons•Radar•Jet engines•Blimp•Electronic computers•Side note (story of internet)

TEXAS•Discovered way to make rubber from petroleum

•Rural families moved to cities for work

•African American soldiers still denied equal treatment

Dorie Miller•African American who fired on Japan at Pearl Harbor

•First to be honored for service to America

Oveta Culp Hobby•Commander of women’s army corp. WAC

•Government supported her enlisting women

•1,074 women pilots

TEXAS•Women allowed to do male jobs

•Fired once men returned•African Americans paid less money for same jobs

Victory Gardens•Planted own small gardens for food

•Rationed and sent all other crops

•Gas, meat, sugar, tires

ENDING•Aug 15, 1945•Baby boomers•62% adult pop. Married•African Americans not willing to be treated unfairly anymore

DEATH•62 million dead•60% innocent civilians

Results•Redrawing of national boundaries

•New nations•End of British/European power

•US and Soviet Super powers

•(Cold War)