Wwii
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W.W.II
What effect did W.W.Ihave on U.S. involvement in
European affairs?
• European war loan defaults
• Unrestricted submarine warfare
= Reluctance to get involved in European affairs
What did the U.S. do in the 1930’s to stay out of European
affairs?
• Passed Neutrality Acts in 1935, 36, and 37
• Banned transportation or sale of arms to warring nations
• Banned loans to warring nations
• Cash and carry deals: goods are paid for and taken away by the buyer
How did the U.S. go from neutrality to involvement
in W.W.II?
• Traded 50 destroyers to Britain for 99 year leases of British two naval bases
• Lend-Lease policy (1940) allowed the sale of arms to any country the President saw as vital to U.S. defense
What events lead to conflict with Japan?
• Sept. 1940, Japan joined Italy and Germany to form the Axis Powers
• July, 1941 Japan assumed a protectorate over all French Indochina
• Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacked the American fleet at Pearl Harbor
• Dec. 8, U.S. declares war on Japan
• Dec.11, Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.
What were the overall strategies for winning the war?
The Atlantic Theater
• North Africa 1942
• Italy 1943
• June 1944, D-Day (Normandy)
• May 7, 1945 Germany agrees to unconditional surrender
Pacific theater:
• Island hopping
• Coral Sea: May 1942: keeps Japanese out of Australia
• Midway: US Navy gained advantage in the Pacific
What were the major events of WWII wartime diplomacy?
• Cairo (‘43): FDR, Churchill and Chiang Kai-Shek agree to fight Japan after Germany
• Teheran (‘43): FDR, Stalin, Churchill plan invasion of Europe
Postwar Plan, Yalta (1945) • Occupy Germany and Austria• Berlin and Vienna divided
within Russian area• Soviet puppet government in
Poland• All promise to promote
democratic elections
How did the war in the Pacific end?
• Japan refused Truman’s warning to surrender or face “utter destruction”
• Aug. 6 1945 atomic bomb on Hiroshima, August 9 Nagasaki
• Japan surrendered Sept. 2, 1945