WWII VOCABULARY1. March on Washington

2. PEARL HARBOR

3. INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE-GERMAN-ITALIAN AMERICANS

4. LEND-LEASE PROGRAM

5. WAR MOBILIZATION1. Rationing

2. War-time conversion

3. Role of women in war industries

6. MANHATTAN PROJECT

7. BATTLES: a)MIDWAYb)NORMANDYc)IWO JIMAd)BULGEe)FALL OF BERLIN

f)HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI

NUREMBERG LAWS: when Hitler stripped the Jews of their citizenship and legal rights.

NUREMBERG TRIALS: the prosecution of Nazi war criminals

BLITZKRIEG: Lightening war

Kamikaze: suicide-plane

GENOCIDE: the deliberate killing of an entire people

HOLOCAUST: systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, with approximately 5 million being Jews

CONCENTRATION CAMP: Nazi prison camps in which Jews and other “undesirables” were forced to endure slave labor conditions, starvation, deplorable & inhumane living conditions and murder

WORLD WAR II OFFICIALLY STARTED ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1939

4

ALLIES: THE BIG 3 GREAT BRITAIN: Churchill U.S.: Roosevelt Truman SOVIET UNION: Stalin

AXIS POWERS Germany: Hitler Italy: Mussolini Japan: TOJO

AXIS POWERS: GERMANY, ITALY, (later) JAPAN

GERMANY invaded Rhineland Response was appeasement

GERMANY annexed AUSTRIA France and Britain protested but did not attack

GERMANY invaded Sudetenland Response was appeasement

GERMANY annexed Czechoslovakia GERMANY INVADES POLAND****

JAPAN

JAPAN: lacked sufficient raw materials and markets for its industries and desired a colonial empire With the European powers falling to the

Axis powers, the US and its Pacific islands remained the only obstacle to Japan’s desired empire

JAPAN invaded Manchuria

WAR BREWS IN GERMANY FINAL SOLUTION: Aryans were a

superior race and the master race should be preserved by exterminating all others

ATLANTIC CHARTER: ROOSEVELT & CHURCHILL held a secret meeting aboard a warship off the coast of Newfoundland: August 14, 1941 Neither would seek territorial expansion Neither would pursue territorial changes w/o the

consent of the inhabitants: respect the rights of people to choose their own form of government

Promote free trade International cooperation Work towards disarmament

OVERVIEW OF WWII

JOURNAL ENTRIES Write 5 journal Entries: (Japanese American Teenager ) 1. How did you feel when you were told

by your parents, you had to leave everything and report to a Camp

2. What was your first day like 3. How did you make life on camp

enjoyable? 4. What is camp life like?

Each entry must be 3-4 paragraphs in length

1. A. Philip Randolph proposed a march on Washington DC to protest discrimination in the military and in industry.

FDR’s response: issued Executive Order 8802 calling on employers and labor unions to cease discrimination in hiring practices in industries related to defense. March was cancelled.

2. Japanese attack on Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941 Japanese launched surprise attack on US Navy base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

2,403 Americans killed, 1,178 wounded, 21 ships damaged, 300 aircraft destroyed.

U.S. officially entered WWII.

PEARL HARBOR

3. INTERNMENT CAMPS

JAPANESE-AMERICANS, GERMAN-AMERICANS, ITALIAN-AMERICANS

120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the U.S., and most on the West coast

FEAR of spies, Roosevelt ordered all people of Japanese ancestry to be moved from California, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona to rural prison camps (10)

In 1988 the government offers survivors $20,000

4. LEND-LEASE ACT

MARCH 11, 1941- 9 months before Pearl Harbor, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act and amended the Neutrality Acts so the US could lend military equipment and supplies to any nation the president said was vital to US security. Billions of dollars were spent supporting the Allies: GB, France and the Soviet Union.

CASH & CARRY: Allied countries that paid cash for and transported U.S. weapons

5. WAR MOBLIZATION After Pearl Harbor, 5,000,000 men volunteered

for military service Selective Service expanded the draft

10,000,000 more joined Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps: filled non-

combat positions to free men for frontline duties American industries converted to wartime

industries: 6,000,000 workers were women Women paid about 60% as men doing same jobs

Wartime Conservation: carpool, ride bicycles to save gas and rubber, nationwide drives to collect: scrap iron, tin cans, newspapers, rags, cooking grease, etc

Rationing: each household received a “c book” with coupons to be used when buying scare items: meat, sugar, coffee, gas

6. MANHATTAN PROJECT Secret code name: Manhattan Project ATOMIC BOMB: 3 developed in a secret

laboratory in Los Alamos New Mexico Prevent infantry invasion of Japan to avoid

massive loss of American soldiers President Truman made decision to use bomb Dropped on Japan: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

August 1945.

1-6 QUIZ1. Who organized the 1st March on Washington2. What was Roosevelt’s response? 3. What country made the attack on Pearl Harbor?4. What day did the Pearl Harbor attack occur?5. Give examples of 2 ways woman assisted in WWII. 6. What was the Lend-Lease program?7. Name 3 ways the US mobilized for WWII? 8. Who was the Jewish Physicist that was associated

with the Manhattan Project?9. What was the Manhattan Project?

7. KEY BATTLES A. BATTLE OF MIDWAY (ATOLL):

June 4-7, 1942 U.S. won this major sea battle against the Japanese Navy

This victory is

considered the most

important naval

engagement of the

Pacific Campaign Considered turning

point in the Pacific

War 6 months after

Pearl Harbor

B. BATTLE OF NORMANDY AKA D-DAY June 6, 1944 D-Day was code name for the first

day of Operation Overlord,the Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France. (Gen. Eisenhower)

LARGEST SEABORNE INVASION IN HISTORY OVER 156,000 MEN CROSSING THE ENGLISH

CHANNEL IN 6,939 VESSELS. Surprise attack on Germans in France From French beaches, Americans and British

pushed east to Germany MARKED BEGINNING OF VICTORY FOR THE

ALLIES IN EUROPE

D. BATTLE OF THE BULGE AKA ARDENNES OFFENSIVE

Dec 16, 1944–Jan 25, 1945 LAST GERMANOFFENSIVE Bloodiest battle for US Victory for the Allies

C. BATTLE OF IWO JIMA February 19–March 26, 1945, or Operation Detachment, was a battle when the United States fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from Japan.

The battle produced some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II.

Battle was mainly fought in the Air Kamikaze- Japan’s strategy

After winning, the Allies were able to practice Island Hopping

2nd TIMELINE YALTA CONFERENCE: FEB 1945 BIG THREE ALLIES met in Yalta, a city in the S.U. UNITED NATIONS: 11 seats, 5 permanent US, GB, SU,

CHINA, FR Other 6 seats would rotate with the 5 permanent seats

having veto power Discussed fate of Germany and the postwar world. Stalin favored harsh approach towards Germany;

FDR disagreed and Churchill was mediator. DECISION: DIVIDE GEMANY INTO 4 ZONES

American, British, S.U., French FREE ELECTIONS IN POLAND STALIN AGREED TO HELP IN THE WAR AGAINST

JAPAN NUREMBERG TRIALS

ROOSEVELT DIES APRIL 12, 1945

E. FALL OF BERLIN April-May 1945 Final battles of the

European Theatre during WWII, led by S.U.

Soviets lost 81,116 men and Germany lost 458,080 men

One of the bloodiest battles in history

Hitler and his followers committed suicide

V-E Day signifies the end of the war in Europe

Victorious British Troops in Berlin, 1945 Following the fall of Berlin

F. HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI

Truman believed the atomic bomb was the only way to avoid an invasion of Japan.

On August 6th, 1945“Little Boy” Hiroshima August 9th, 1945“Fat Man” Nagasaki September 2, 1945

Japan Surrendered: Only condition: Emperor

retain ceremonial position

HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

RESULTS OF HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI Soviet Union began developing an atomic bomb Cold War Begins

Nuclear Power soon used to power aircraft carriers and submarines

Led to nuclear power for civilian use: homes, businesses, science (P.E.T.) positron emission tomography scans used by physicians to study human body