WWII “The Big One”. Japan Invades _____________ As a result of depression in Japan,...
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WWII
“The Big One”
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Japan Invades _____________
• As a result of depression in Japan, _________________ ____________________ who promote absolute powers for the Emperor Hirohito, who wants to resolve the crisis.
• IN 1931, Japan invades: coal, iron ore, oil.
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Weak Responses Encouraged More Attacks
In 1935 ________________ ____________________
• 1935 Hitler sends troops into Rhineland.
• 1936 Hitler and Mussolini sign ________________.
• 1936 Japan joins Axis.• Why were the responses
to these events so weak from League of Nations? – from Britain, and France,
the major powers?
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Hitler Correctly Gauged French and British Response
• French public opinion was strongly against confrontation.
• No one wanted to go it alone.
• Both countries were ________ _______________________
.
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Germany Expanded Without A Shot, Until ___________________
1936
Sept. 1938
March 1939
March 1939
Munich
1936-1939
Shooting War Begins inPoland, Sept 1,’39
German Reichstag Celebrates Annexation of Austria
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Axis Supports General Franco
• Spanish Civil War between ____________ and an unstable ____________________.
• Western volunteers support democracy.
• 1939 Fascist forces prevail.
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The Non-Aggression Pact
• Secret: ______________ ____________________
• Germany wants to avoid a 2 front war…
To the chancellor of the German Reich, Herr A. Hitler.
I thank you for your letter. I hope that the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact will mark a decisive turn for the better in the political relations between our two countries. . . .
J. Stalin*
August 1939
Ribbentrop, Molotov (f), Stalin
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Blitzkrieg Took Poland in 1 Month
Launched: Sept 1, 1939
__________________________________________________
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The Blitzkrieg Spread• Used tank and airforce,
(________________) • Denmark in 24 hours• Norway’s ports in 2 days• Netherlands/Belgium/&
________________________________________
• By the end of June, most of Western Europe had been taken.
• Resistance groups form• Balkans in weeks
“Lightning Warfare”
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Germans March into Paris
• ______________________________________________________________________– A new Prime Minister Henri Petain, retired WWI
general surrenders– France had to pay $ + 80% of resources + ____
___________________________________– French Jews turned over– French lands in the Pacific given to Japan
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Battle of Britain: Her “Finest Hour”
• Delayed: (a big mistake) Hitler was sure Britain would surrender – bombed cities to pieces, 300-600 civilian lives lost per day, (1,000s injured daily)
• “Never was so much owed by so many to so few”• ________________• ________ – decodingmachine
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In the Atlantic - Challenge US Isolationism
• Neutrality Acts 1930s – no selling of arms or lending $ to countries at war
• _______________________________– “___________________________________”– Lend and lease supplies to countries fighting
against aggressors– Undeclared war as Navy gets orders to escort
British merchant ships and shoot on sight
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The Critical US-British Alliance• Begun with Lend-Lease and US
escorts of British ships in 1941• Atlantic Charter: July 1941
– They _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them
– After the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries
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JUNE 22, 1941______________________
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What did Stalin do in the first few days?
• Hid in the Kremlin…• _________________• Molotov gave radio
speech on 22 June• 3 July: radio address by
Stalin…• “__________________
__________________.”
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Hitler’s Biggest Mistake: Russia• Operation Barbarossa June
22, 1941• ______________________
__________________• Moscow never taken• Stalemate in the snow• WINTER, but “_______
______________” order is given
• German troops suffer
stranglehold at Stalin-grad by early 1943.
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Japan Threatened American Interests
• Japan had attacked China– ______________________________________________– Threatened Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Dutch East Indies
• FDR bans sale of scrap iron, steel, oil– ___________________________________________________– Prime Minister Tojo orders an attack…
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Pearl Harbor: Sunday morning Dec. 7, 1941
• 6 J aircraft carriers w/ 400 planes
“A day which shall live in infamy.” - F. Roosevelt
______________________________________________________________________________
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Japanese overran Western Pacific, but Allies stopped the tide at ______________________
• Broke Japanese code
• Then Allies began island hopping and taking back everything Japan had gained
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Allies To Europe by way of…________________
• Americans and British fought Germans 1942
• ____________________________________________________________ – major shift in war
• Closed in on Axis in Africa and pushed them out– Stalin unhappy –
meanwhile Axis army complete failure in Russia @ Battle of Stalingrad ~189,000 casualties
• Sicily, then Italy first in ’43, (before France)
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Allies Fight Their Way Up the Boot
• Sicily taken in a month: preview of Normandy
• __________________________________
• Germans pour troops into Italy and occupy
• Allies fight for 2 years but never take complete control until Germany itself falls
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What Happened to Mussolini?
• Mussolini was arrested by Italian but later rescued by German paratroopers – Sets up Italian Socialist Republic in German-
held northern Italy, with himself as its leader. – ____________________________________
___________________________
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Normandy Landing: June 6, 1944
• In ___________, Allied forces took 80miles of French coastland and began heavy invasion
• Liberated Paris by August 24 – ________ _______________________________ again, German nightmare!
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The German Reich Collapses
• German retreat in face of Allied press to Berlin – ___________________________
• FDR dies of cerebral hemorrhage April 28th, 1945 – succeeded by ____________
• ______________________________ with signing of papers declaring Germany’s unconditional surrender
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War Not Over in the Pacific
• Allies closing in on Japan, but _________ __________________________________
• Invasion possible – ____________________________________
____________________________________
• Demanded unconditional surrender of Japan – They refuse
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Atomic Bomb
• Truman warned Japan of “prompt and utter destruction” if they didn’t surrender
• _________________________________– Killed about 80,000
• Aug.9, 1945 dropped on Nagasaki– Kills 40,000
• _________________________________ _______________________in Tokyo Bay