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WWI STUDY GUIDE

Causes of WWI

Nationalism: a strong attachment to ones nation.

y National Identity: A sense of, and pride in, the character of ones nation.y Nationalist: A person who has a strong feeling of attachment to his or her nation.

M ilitarism: A nations policy of enlisting, training, equipping, and maintaining armedforces ready for war.

y Militaristic: A nation or person that places strong emphasis on military.

Imperialism/Colonialism: T he building of Empires by taking over new territoriescalled colonies.

Alliances : A pair or group of nations which sign treaties agreeing to support eachother if any one member became involved in a conflict.

Balance of Power: T he situation, especially before World War I, in which the strongnations of Europe attempted to remain of equal strength militarily and in their alliances.

Canada at War

Propaganda: Information usually produced by governments presented in such a wayas to inspire and spread particular beliefs or opinions.

Halifax Disaster: Much of Halifax was destroyed by two ships carrying dynamitecolliding in the harbour and exploding. 3000 people killed, 10,000 injured.

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War M easures Act: An act of the Canadian Parliament that gave the federal Cabinetemergency powers, especially during wartime. It included the right to suspend habeascorpus, the right of a person under arrest to be brought before a judge to determine thelawfulness of the arrest.

Trench Warfare: Muddy trenches became stinking cesspools, overrun by rats, liceand the stench of death. Conditions were so horrific that many men developed trenchfoot, and in some cases, shell shock.

The Canadian Homefront

Suffragists: People who advocated that women should have the right to vote. AllCanadian women won the right to vote in federal elections in 1918 in recognition of their patriotic effort during the war. Counterpoints pg 37.

Changing Role of Women: With so many men overseas, women had to take on newroles in wartime Canada. Women were hired for all types of work, from running fishingboats, to prairie farms, to working in factories. Women were empowered because they

were making good wages and enjoyed independence. When the men returned, manywomen did not want to leave the paid labour force. Counterpoints pg 36 & 37.

Federal Income Tax: T he War was expensive and the federal government introducedincome tax as a temporary tax to pay for the war. T he tax started at 4%, today it canbe up to 40%. Counterpoints pg 36.

Conscription: Compulsory enlistment for military service. By 1917, the number of volunteers was too low to provide replacement troops in Europe. Many Canadians,especially in Quebec did not believe in the war- they did not think it was Canadas war.T hey opposed vehemently the mandatory military service. Conscription created a riftbetween French Canada and English Canada. Counterpoints 39-41.

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Production: T he production and export of Canadian goods reached record highsduring the war because war is big business! Companies produce large quantities of goods i.e. Supplies, weapons etc and the economy overall is boosted. Counterpointspg 36.

Feminism: A belief that women should have equality with men in political, social, and

economic fields, and not be discriminated against on the basis of their sex.

The War to End All Wars

Lusitania: An American passenger boat that was sunk by a German U-boat(submarine). T he event angered the US, so it entered the war and contributed largely

to the fall of Germany and its allies.T

he US did not join the war until it was half over.Counterpoints pg 42.

Russian Revolution: 1917, Russia was forced to quit WWI because Russia was inthe midst of a civil war as the Russian people revolted against the T sar (King of Russia). T he revolution was led by the Bolsheviks- a communist party. 1917, marksthe birth of communism on the global stage and the birth of the USSR. Counterpointspg 42.

Armistice: An agreement by warring parties to end hostilities. On the 11 th day of the11 th month at the 11 th hour, WWIs armistice was signed in a railway car in France in1918. Do you recognize November 11 th? Its Remembrance Day ! Counterpoints pg43.

Paris Peace Conference: Canada was granted a seat at the conference that decidedon the fate of Europe after the war. Counterpoints pg 43.

Treaty of Versailles: T he official peace document that ended the war and started theLeague of Nations. T he terms of this treaty will become extremely significant withrespect to the start of WWII. Counterpoints 43.

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League of Nations: T he precursor to the United Nations. Designed to be a union of nations that would police and mange the world, the primary objective being to preventanother war. T he league was lacked support and was not influential in reality as major world powers (i.e. USA) were not members. Counterpoints pg 45.

Collective Security: T he principal of the League of Nations. If one member state of the League came under attack, all members were to cooperate in suppressing theaggressor. Counterpoints pg 45.

Sanctions: Economic warfare. T he League of Nations could impose economicsanctions against a country by restricting trade and blockades. Counterpoints pg 45.

Vocabulary

y Arch DukeFerdinand

y Nationalismy T riple Alliancey T riple Ententey Militarismy Balance of power y Alliesy Imperialismy Central Powersy National identityy CEFy Profiteersy War Measures Acty Habeas Corpusy Prime Minister

Borden

y Sam Hughesy Ypresy Sommey Vimy Ridgey Passchendaeley Schlieffen Plany Bluebirdsy Billy Bishopy Lusitaniay Halifax Disaster y Conscriptiony Conscientious

Objectorsy Sanctionsy Enemy aliensy CPFy Conscientious

Objectors

y Imperial MunitionsBoard

y Nellie McClungy Military Service Acty Henri Bourassay Military Service Acty Wartime Elections

Acty T reaty of Versaillesy Wilsons 14 Pointsy Armisticey Paris Peace

Conferencey T reaty of Versaillesy Collective security