WW IIWW II

War BeginsWar Begins Dictators seized control of their nations by Dictators seized control of their nations by

force after WW I and during the force after WW I and during the Depression. Depression.

Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Workers Party (Nazi Party) controlled Workers Party (Nazi Party) controlled Germany. Germany.

Benito Mussolini controlled Italy with his Benito Mussolini controlled Italy with his Fascist regime. Fascist regime.

Military leaders controlled Japan.Military leaders controlled Japan. Germany, Italy and Japan signed a pact Germany, Italy and Japan signed a pact

and became allies called the Axis Powers and became allies called the Axis Powers in 1940. in 1940.

1.1. Germany invaded Poland in Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. They took control September 1939. They took control of Poland.of Poland.

2.2. Britain and France declared war on Britain and France declared war on Germany.Germany.

3.3. Germany invaded France in the Germany invaded France in the Spring of 1940 and France Spring of 1940 and France surrenderedsurrendered

4.4. In June 1941, Germany launched an In June 1941, Germany launched an attack on the Soviet Union.attack on the Soviet Union.

United States enters the WarUnited States enters the War

The United States remained neutral, but The United States remained neutral, but supplied weapons to Britain and the supplied weapons to Britain and the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

1.1. Japanese troops seized Indochina, a Japanese troops seized Indochina, a French colony. This threatened nearby French colony. This threatened nearby British colonies.British colonies.

2.2. The United States applied economic The United States applied economic pressure to stop Japan. The Japanese pressure to stop Japan. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 19417, 1941

3. Congress declared war on Japan in 3. Congress declared war on Japan in response. Germany and Italy response. Germany and Italy declared war on the United Statesdeclared war on the United States

4. The Allied Powers ( the United 4. The Allied Powers ( the United States, Great Britain, France, and States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union) fought the Axis the Soviet Union) fought the Axis Powers.Powers.

The war changed American life at The war changed American life at home. Those who did not go to war home. Those who did not go to war had to do all the workhad to do all the work

1.1. Industry expanded, wages Industry expanded, wages increased, and unemployment fellincreased, and unemployment fell

2.2. Women served in the military and in Women served in the military and in the workforcethe workforce

3.3. African Americans served in the African Americans served in the military and worked in war factoriesmilitary and worked in war factories

War continuesWar continues The Axis powers were winning until late The Axis powers were winning until late

1942. British and United States troops 1942. British and United States troops drove Germans out of North Africa.drove Germans out of North Africa.

The Axis powers were defeated again in The Axis powers were defeated again in Eastern Europe in early 1943Eastern Europe in early 1943

Soviet troops freed Soviet troops freed LeningradLeningrad, a Russian , a Russian city. The German army also surrendered city. The German army also surrendered at at StalingradStalingrad..

The Allies broke through German lines at The Allies broke through German lines at Anzio, Italy, after four months and freed Anzio, Italy, after four months and freed Rome in June 1944Rome in June 1944

The Allies launched an air war against The Allies launched an air war against Germany. Cities were destroyed and Germany. Cities were destroyed and civilians were killed. Germany kept civilians were killed. Germany kept fighting.fighting.

General EisenhowerGeneral Eisenhower, commander of the , commander of the allied forces, directed an invasion of allied forces, directed an invasion of France from the West. The Soviets pushed France from the West. The Soviets pushed toward Germany from the east.toward Germany from the east.

Fierce fighting took place on the beaches Fierce fighting took place on the beaches of of NormandyNormandy when thousands of Allied when thousands of Allied troops came ashore on troops came ashore on June 6, 1944– D-June 6, 1944– D-Day.Day.

The Allies moved on from Normandy and , The Allies moved on from Normandy and , with the French, freed Paris at the end of with the French, freed Paris at the end of August.August.

The Soviets pushed Germany out of The Soviets pushed Germany out of Eastern Europe. The British and Eastern Europe. The British and Americans defeated Germany in the Americans defeated Germany in the Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge. Serious . Serious German resistance ended.German resistance ended.

In In 1945 Soviet1945 Soviet troops reached troops reached BerlinBerlin. British and United States . British and United States forces moved across western forces moved across western Germany. Hitler committed suicide Germany. Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered.and Germany surrendered.

HolocaustHolocaust As the Allies liberated parts of Europe they As the Allies liberated parts of Europe they

came across evidence of a major German came across evidence of a major German atrocity.atrocity.

They found Germany’s answer for their They found Germany’s answer for their Jewish problem, known as the Final Jewish problem, known as the Final Solution.Solution.

Allied forces found several, Death and Allied forces found several, Death and Labor, camps where the Germans had Labor, camps where the Germans had murdered over murdered over 6 million6 million Jews. Jews.

This Genocide became known as the This Genocide became known as the HolocaustHolocaust..

War in AsiaWar in Asia Japanese troops landed in the Philippines. Filipino Japanese troops landed in the Philippines. Filipino

and American troops commanded by and American troops commanded by Douglas Douglas MacArthurMacArthur fought the Japanese on the Bataan fought the Japanese on the Bataan Peninsula west of Manila.Peninsula west of Manila.

Allied forces surrendered and were forced to Allied forces surrendered and were forced to march more than march more than 60 miles60 miles to a prison camp. to a prison camp. Many sick and starving prisoners died. This was Many sick and starving prisoners died. This was known as the known as the Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March..

In May 1942, Japanese and United States ships In May 1942, Japanese and United States ships fought the fought the Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea northeast of northeast of Australia. The Americans destroyed much of the Australia. The Americans destroyed much of the Japanese fleet and prevented Japan from reaching Japanese fleet and prevented Japan from reaching Australia.Australia.

In June the United States navy destroyed In June the United States navy destroyed hundreds of Japanese aircraft and four hundreds of Japanese aircraft and four aircraft carriers in the aircraft carriers in the Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway, , northeast of Hawaii.northeast of Hawaii.

The United States adopted a plan of The United States adopted a plan of island hoppingisland hopping. It seized control of an . It seized control of an island and used it as a base to attack the island and used it as a base to attack the next island. Americans used air and naval next island. Americans used air and naval forces to win control of Guadalcanal in the forces to win control of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands after fierce fighting.Solomon Islands after fierce fighting.

American forces took control if Guam and American forces took control if Guam and launched bombing strikes on Japan in June launched bombing strikes on Japan in June 1944.1944.

American forces seized the island of American forces seized the island of Iwo Jima in march 1945 and the Iwo Jima in march 1945 and the island of Okinawa in June.island of Okinawa in June.

President TrumanPresident Truman called for called for Japan’s surrender. When it refused, Japan’s surrender. When it refused, Truman ordered the use of the Truman ordered the use of the atomic bombatomic bomb. The bombs were . The bombs were created in secrecy at the suggestion created in secrecy at the suggestion of of Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein..

In August 1945, the first atomic bomb In August 1945, the first atomic bomb dropped destroyed the city of dropped destroyed the city of HiroshimaHiroshima. . The second destroyed the city of The second destroyed the city of NagasakiNagasaki..

Japan surrendered on Japan surrendered on August 15 – V-J August 15 – V-J DayDay (Victory over Japan), ending WWII (Victory over Japan), ending WWII

Approximately Approximately 50 million50 million soldiers and soldiers and civilians died in WWII. Billions of dollars civilians died in WWII. Billions of dollars worth of property was destroyed. It took worth of property was destroyed. It took years for some countries to recover.years for some countries to recover.