What do you know about WWII?

• Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from WWI

• Worldwide depression

• High war debt owed by Germany• High inflation• Massive unemployment

Guten Tag. This debt is

heavy!

(lots of them)

• Rise of Fascism

• Extreme nationalism and racism

• Took advantage of situation

• Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied.

1)What were the 3

fascist countries?

2.) Who were the 3

fascist leaders of those

countries?

1)What were the 3

fascist countries?

2.) Who were the 3

fascist leaders of those

countries?

Italy, Germany & Japan

1)What were the 3

fascist countries?

2.) Who were the 3

fascist leaders of those

countries?

Italy, Germany & Japan

Benito Mussolini, Adolf

Hitler & Hideki Tojo

Facist Countries

Germany

Italy

Japan

• These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis Powers.

The Allies

• Democratic nations (the United States, Great Britain, Canada) were known as the Allies. The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by Germany.

Allied Leaders

• Allied leaders included Franklin D. Roosevelt and later Harry S. Truman (United States), Winston Churchill (Great Britain), Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to

involvement• Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of

World War I)

• Economic aid to Allies

• Direct involvement in the war

Germany

Italy

Axis Powers

Areas annexed by Germany

Neutral nations

German protectorates

Annexed by Italy

Germany invades Poland

Russia invades Poland

Soviet Union invades Baltic Nations (Latvia,

Lithuania, and Estonia)

Paris

Germany invaded France, capturing Paris

Paris WWII

Hitler

London

Germany bombed London and the Battle of Britain began

Why We Fight #4: The Battle of Britain (1943) -

The fourth part of a series of films produced by the United States War Department during World War II.

The series explained the reasons for the U.S war effort up to that time. This fourth part chronicles the

Nazi air campaign against Britain and how the British responded to it. The film depicts the Luftwaffe "blitz"

and the defensive struggle of the RAF and the English people. Supervised and Directed by Frank

Capra.

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5272791951588535937#

Battle of Britain

• All that stood between Hitler’s domination of Western Europe was

• August, 1940- Germans bombed British shipyards, factories, cities

• Battle of Britain lasted until October• never gained control of the

skies over Britain• British Royal Air Force (RAF) = heavy

losses on the German air force

Review: Major events at beginning of war

• Germany invaded

, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the nations.

• Germany invaded France, capturing Paris.

• Germany bombed

and the Battle of Britain began.

Poland

What’s up with the U.S.?

• Many Americans had sympathy for the Allies but they wanted to avoid war

• 1940= ran for a third term

• U.S. supplied Allies with weapons, supplies, ships, etc.

What’s up with U.S.?

• Factories and workers were needed in order to make war

• Brought and end to the Great

!!!!

Who’s this lady?!?! What does she symbolize?

Thousands of women took jobs in defense plants during the war

Did the war change discrimination in the U.S.?

• More workers were needed!

• While African Americans were hired to work in factories, they still faced

President Harry Truman desegregated the U.S. Armed Forces in 1948, just after the end of the war. This was a major advance for African-American Rights.

of food and other materials like nylon, soap and gasoline helped preserve material for the war effort.

What’s up with the U.S.?

• The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval in return for military bases in Bermuda and the

• This was called

the Lend Lease

Act

The Road to Pearl Harbor

• While Hitler and Mussolini were taking over Europe, Japan seized large parts of

______ and wanted to take over the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, and the American territory of the Philippines

• Were doing so mostly to get &

oil rubber

U.S. Responded By…

• all Japanese assets in American banks (so that Japanese couldn’t get their money!)

• Stopping the sale of oil, gas, and other natural

Freezing

resources

War in the Pacific

• On December 7, 1941, Japan was so angry about the U.S. sanctions that they attacked

without warning.

• Attacked & destroyed many battleships, cruises, planes

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor was the worst defeat in U.S. military history

Video:

• 8 minute video of the attack on Pearl Harbor

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU

The United States declared war on _________ .

__________ declared war

on the United States.

Japan

Germany

Japanese Americans

• Even though many Japanese Americans served in the military, many Americans distrusted them after Pearl Harbor!

• Many Japanese Americans were forced into camps

Internment Camps

• More than 100,000 West Coast Japanese Americans were moved

• Located mostly in areas• Crowded,

uncomfortable • Many stayed for three

years

• 1988: Congress formally apologized for the injustice and agreed to give each survivor of the camps $20,000. Given that many Japanese Americans lost their homes, businesses, freedom… do you think this was a fair apology?

War in the Pacific

• From December-April,

had many victories over the Allies

• They invaded the Philippines, Guam, Thailand, Malaya,

and Hong Kong.

War in the Pacific

• Due to Japan’s victories, morale was low

• BUT… In April, American bombers bombed

Battle of Midway

• June, 1942: northwest of

• U.S. navy destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and hundreds of airplanes

• FIRST MAJOR JAPANESE DEFEAT!!!!!!

• OF THE WAR

10 minute documentary of the Battle of Midway

http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=sKXVTZo6gIg&feature=related

Island Hopping

• After the Battle of Midway, America was ready to go on the offensive

• U.S. started “ ”- attacking and capturing key islands

• Then used these islands as bases for leap frogging to others – in order to move closer to the Philippines and

Island Hopping

War in the Pacific • Between 1942-1945= many battles in the

Pacific with thousands of lives lost

• 1945= America started to close in on Japan

• Seized Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Manhattan Project

• 1939= Albert Einstein wrote to FDR to warn him that the Nazis might try to create an atomic bomb

• FDR started the “Manhattan Project”- a top secret operation to create

Use Atomic Bomb?

• FDR died in April, 1945

• President Truman had to decide whether or not to use the atomic bomb against Japan

• Allies warned Japan that if they did not surrender it faced “prompt and utter destruction.”

• Japan didn’t surrender

• August 6, 1945- the Enola gay dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of

• 3 days later, second

bomb was dropped on the city of

Effects of Atomic Bombs

• Hiroshima= 70,000 people dead

• Nagasaki= 40,000 people dead

• Thousands more injured

• Many later died of

What’s happening in Europe?

• After the Battle of Britain, many battles take place in North Africa, Italy, Germany, Soviet Union.

• Thousands of lives were lost

• Winter, 1941= Germany attacked Moscow

• Spring, 1942= Germany wanted to capture

(to access oil-rich lands to the south)

Stalingrad

• Germans took Stalingrad house by house, street by street

• Soviet forces surround the city- cutting off German supplies

• Cold and starving, the Germans fought until February, 1943

Stalingrad

• OF WAR in

EUROPE

Invasion of France

• As the Soviets pushed toward Germany from the East, the Allies were planning a massive invasion of France from the West

• June 6, 1944= D-Day!!!

• Allies ships landed on

the coast of

D-Day

Began the liberation of Western Europe

How did the war finally end?

• After the U.S. dropped the two atomic bombs, Japan finally surrendered

• August 15, 1945= V-J Day (Victory over Japan)

• Japan signed the formal

surrender on September

2nd

At the White House, President Harry S. Truman announces the Japanese

surrender, August 14, 1945.

After the War…

• Allies put top Nazi and Japanese leaders on trial

• Accused of war crimes and crimes against

• Trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany and Tokyo

After the War…

• MILLIONS of PEOPLE DIED during the war!!!

• More than half of these were civilians

• Americans= 800,000 injured; 300,000 dead

• Soviets= More than

• 20 MILLION deaths

Europe After the War

• Much of Europe in ruins

• forces occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe

• U.S. thought it should rebuild Europe to prevent political and instability.

• U.S. implemented the MARSHALL PLAN

Marshall Plan

• George Marshall= U.S. Secretary of State

• Best way to avoid

was to improve Europe’s economy

• Plan gave $13 billion to rebuild Europe

What happened to Germany?

• into East and West Germany.

• West Germany became and resumed self-government after a few years of American, British, and French occupation.

• East Germany remained under the domination of the and wasn’t democratic

What happened to Japan?

• Occupied by forces

• Adopted democratic form of government

• Resumed self-government

• Became a strong of the United States.

United Nations

• Formed near the end of World War II

• A way for nations to try to prevent future global wars.

U.S Economy after WWII

• Now that Americans didn’t have to ration, factories started making more goods for them!

• Americans purchased goods on

Work Force…

• Went back to mostly

• women returned to the family

• came together and became more powerful

• workers gained new benefits and higher salaries