WtE - Gasification for the Rice Milling Sector

in Cambodia

SNV Development Organization

Ira Larasaty

WtE Programme Leader

• Chapter 1 Background

• Chapter 2 The Programme

• Chapter 3 What do we support?

• Chapter 4 Outputs

• Chapter 5 Hard facts

• Chapter 6 Message

WtE - Gasification for the Rice Milling Sector in Cambodia

Introduction

2

116 RHG

installations

Background: RHG development

43 RHG

Stopped

2

Upgraded

system

28

Switched

to grid

Source of data: Survey RHG investment report, June 2014.

27 WtE

project

Actors and Policies in the power sector

o No policies and plans for Renewable energy technologies

o EDC purchases electricity produced in rural areas from IPPs at 12

cent/kWh

EDC

Operator

EAC

Regulator

MME

Strategies

IPP

generation

• Rice Husk Gasifiers were first introduced in

Cambodia in 2004 when the electricity in rural

area was USD 0.75 to 1.00 per kWh.

• The Cambodian rice milling industry is not

competitive with neighboring countries due to the

high cost of processing and logistics of which

energy price is a significant part.

• The rice milling has potentially 1.6 million metric

tones of rice husk available that could be

converted into energy (at present only about 10%

of the rice husk is utilized as biomass)

• Power production cost is low (USD 0.10 per kWh)

Background

• Estimated 20,000 tonnes of rice husk converted

into energy that reduces 4.5 million litters of

diesel and over 40 thousand tonnes of CO2

equivalents per year.

• Every ton of milled fragrant rice alone would

result in $US 137/ton of which $US 123 in

workers income and $US 14 in taxes

• Environmentally-friendly technology, reduction

of 1 litter of diesel save 3.1kg CO2 equivalents

and the decay husk produces methane, a GHG

21 times higher

Background

The Programme

• To create a rice milling operation that is both

competitive and responsible environmentally

• Promote sustainable production of milled rice

through replication of WtE technologies in the

rice milling sector

• Promote sustainable consumption of milled

rice by consolidating fragmented guidelines

into a single operational industry standard with

policy makers, SME’s and financial sector

actors together in a multi-stakeholder

platform.

Boundary

• Location: 9 provinces around the TonleSap

• Project partners: SMERe, NPIC, FCRMA and

MIH-ISC

• Associates: CEDAC (Centre d'Etude et de

Développement Agricole Cambodgien),

NEXUS C4D, AF BTB, University of

Edinburgh

• Duration: 48 Months (Jan 2012-Dec 2015)

• Donors: EU – SWITCH Asia, Fondation

Ensemble

What Do We Support?

Technology Improvement and Establishment of

Essential Business Services

• To encourage new users in the rice milling

sector to switch to WtE technology and

application.

• Establishing a manufacturing unit to locally

manufacture part of the equipment in

Cambodia.

• Manufacturers and rice millers will gain access

to professional operation and maintenance

services

Development and Implementation of a National

Standard for gasification technology

• Development of operational guidelines for

equipment manufacturers to comply with the

standard of the equipment

• Development of standard for gasifier application

• Operation licenses to manufacturers and

gasifier operators

Investment Promotion and Business Planning for

WtE

• Business and investment analysis of existing WtE in

rice mills

• Awareness campaign to rice millers to adopt WtE

equipment

• Advisory services to rice miller for WtE business

plan development

• Turning liability to profitability: rice char soil

conditioner and husk pellets

10

Output

Awareness material and

campaigns

Training and workshop:

Modules: HSE, Using tool/

equipment, Understanding

of RHG Operation and

Maintenance

11

Output

Manufacturing Unit: locally

produced 3 small gasifiers

for CEDAC (Centre

d'Etude et de

Développement Agricole

Cambodgien). FBG 120,

output power 100 kW-e

(include new modifications

and features for dry ash

removal, improved gas

cleaning and filters)

Refurbished 4 units and

sold to mills and ice factory

‘blackwater’ treatment

system improvement

12

Output

Rice Husk Char Soil

Stabilizer on cucumber,

mug beans, chinese

cabbage and cassava

13

Output

Rice Husk Pellets

14

Hard facts

Increase of worker’s income US$ 576k/annum

Diesel savings $1.8 mil/annum

Number of mills switching to RHG 60

Annual emission reduction 40k tonnes

PoA under Validation for VER-GS

15

Hard facts

• Programme Partners: FCRMA, DIH/ISC, SMERe, NPIC

• Beneficiaries: over 80 participants (19 manuf.unit, rice mills, ice,

garment factory and brick plants).

• Over 300 mills are made aware of the application

• Over 45 mills will be assisted in setting up an operation data system

for their milling (ie. Financial management tool/book keeping).

• Financing loans for mills and SMEs for new installations (US$500k)

• Final Standard Baseline of RHG Safety and Operation

• Training and coaching of 2 staffs at provincial level to

implement the license under the DIH/ISC

Low uptake of RGHs for Rice Mills?

Absence of solutions for management of RHGs by-products

Limited flexibility of a RHG system to fit the increasing energy needs

Lack of standards in terms of input and output for local RHG systems

Milling and processing rice are the core businesses of Rice Millers, not generating energy

Poor planning of energy needs VS capacity of RHGs

Lack of skills and knowledge in O&M

Better access to electric grid

Lack of policies to foster uptake of RETs

Technology External Factors Internal Factors

17

Message

o Advocacy for switching to RE (embedded policies in Cambodia)

o Prioritise decentralized production of electricity by using RHG

technology for cluster of rice mills and Rural Electrification

o Alternative clean fuels for SMEs using rice husk (brick plants, textile, ice

factories and others)

o Financing Mechanism, Incentives for new investment and Scaling up

អរគុណច្រើន!

WtE for the Rice Milling Sector in Cambodia

SNV Development Organization

#184 Street 217

Sangkat Tom Noup Teouk

Khan Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Email: ilarasaty@snvworld.org

Skype: ilarasaty

Web: www.snvworld.org

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKcUOepPtdk&list=UUGkRoFTe2Dr5RdT847WN

HXg&index=1