Writing Chemical Writing Chemical Formulas & Formulas &

Naming Naming CompoundsCompounds

STUFF noun stf(1) The material(s) of which things are made(2) A word never to be used from this day forth in chemistry class when referring to the material(s) of which things are made….

The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged according to similarities in their properties…

Metals:Metals: 1. Generally hard and shiny

2. Conduct heat and electricity well.

3. Malleable and ductile

4. Few valence electrons

5. Tend to lose valence electrons

NonmetalsNonmetals1. Generally gases or brittle solids at room

temperature

2. More valence electrons

3. Tend to gain valence electrons

Metalloids Metalloids

• Exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals

• Are used in making semiconductorsSemiconductors conduct electricity by using a free electron that is available with impurities are introduced into the crystal.

Semiconductors are used in transistors & solar cells

Predicting ChemicalPredicting Chemical FormulasFormulas

Ionic Substances:

When metals combine with nonmetals an ionic substance results. It is often fairly easy to predict the chemical formulas of ionic substance by determining the ions that are formed.

Forming IonsForming IonsWhen metals LOSE electrons they become cations

When nonmetals GAIN electrons they become anions

Be+2 4 protons… +4

2 electrons.. -2

Net charge…. +2

N-3 7 protons… +7

10 electrons.. -10

Net charge…. -3

Oxidation Oxidation NumbersNumbers

When atoms react and form ions…. It is possible to predict the charge on the ion formed.

When atoms react and form ions…. It is possible to predict the charge on the ion formed.

When a single atom takes on a charge it is called a MONATOMIC MONATOMIC IONION.

The charge on the monatomic ion is known as the OXIDATION OXIDATION NUMBERNUMBER.

Question:

What does an oxidation number of 0 mean?

Common Metal Ions with Common Metal Ions with More than One Oxidation More than One Oxidation

NumberNumberFormula

Stock Name Classical Name

Cu+1 Copper (I) ion Cuprous ion

Cu+2 Copper (II) ion Cupric ion

Fe+2 Iron (II) ion Ferrous ion

Fe+3 Iron (III) ion Ferric ion

Pb+2 Lead (II) ion Plumbous ion

Pb+4 Lead (IV) ion Plumbic ion

Sn+2 Tin (II) ion Stannous ion

Sn+4 Tin (IV) ion Stannic ion

Binary Compounds: Compounds composed of only 2 elements.

For example combine Calcium and Bromine

Calcium ion is Ca+2 Bromine ion is Br-1

If combine Ca:Br as 1:1 then charge is NOT balanced ……..…... +2:-1

If combine Ca:Br as 1:2 then charge is balanced…. 1(+2):2(-1) +2:-2

Criss-Cross Compounds…Criss-Cross Compounds…

A shortcut to figuring the necessary ratio between two ions is the criss-cross method.

Note: After Criss-Cross reduce to lowest whole number ratio…

Practice with Binary Ionic Practice with Binary Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Combine the following elements:

1) Calcium and Sulfur

2) Magnesium and Nitrogen

3) Tin(IV) and Oxygen

Naming Binary Ionic Naming Binary Ionic CompoundsCompounds

•Name cation followed by anion

•Give anion an “ide” ending

•Uncriss-cross to find out the correct cation name

Practice with Naming Binary Practice with Naming Binary Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

Name the following binary compounds:

1) AlI3

2) FeO

3) CaSe

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions• Groups of atoms of more than

one element that carry a charge• Bound tightly and do not

ordinarily break during chemical reactions

• Behave as though they were single atoms

Ternary Ionic CompoundsTernary Ionic Compounds

contain more than 2 elements.

Same procedure as binary compounds except the endings of the polyatomic ions have different endings.

Practice with Ternary Practice with Ternary Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

Write the formulas for these compounds:

1) Magnesium Hydroxide

2) Barium Sulfate

3) Ammonium Phosphate

Naming Ternary Ionic Naming Ternary Ionic CompoundsCompounds

CaCO3

PbCrO4

Formulas of Molecular Formulas of Molecular SubstancesSubstances

• A substance whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds

•Electrons are shared by two atoms

•Same two elements may form several compounds

Formulas of Molecular Formulas of Molecular SubstancesSubstances

A system of prefixes are used to distinguish between the compounds….

mono – one (1) hexa – six (6)

di – two (2) hepta – seven (7)

tri – three (3) octa – eight (8)

tetra – four (4) nona – nine (9)

penta – five (5) deca – ten (10)

Formulas of Molecular Formulas of Molecular SubstancesSubstances

Naming: use prefixes and -ide ending for 2nd atom

NO2

1 atom N & 2 atoms of O

(nitrogen) & (di + oxide)

Nitrogen dioxide

** Only use Mono on the 2nd atom

Practice with Molecular Practice with Molecular CompoundsCompounds

SO2

N2O4

CCl4

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