Writing AssistanceWriting Assistance

Theme: Change [Individuals Who Theme: Change [Individuals Who Have Changed History]—Nelson Have Changed History]—Nelson

MandelaMandela

Step 1&2:Step 1&2: Use active Use active reading strategies to reading strategies to understand the task.understand the task.

The beliefs and achievements of The beliefs and achievements of individuals have changed global history. individuals have changed global history. These beliefs and achievements have These beliefs and achievements have had positive and negative effects on had positive and negative effects on society.society.

Theme: Change [Individuals Who Have Theme: Change [Individuals Who Have Changed History]Changed History]

Identify two individuals who have changed Identify two individuals who have changed global history and for eachglobal history and for each• • Explain one belief or achievement of that Explain one belief or achievement of that individualindividual• • Discuss the positive and/or negative effects Discuss the positive and/or negative effects of the individual’s belief or achievementof the individual’s belief or achievement

Task:Task:

Explain means “to make plain or Explain means “to make plain or understandable; to give reasons understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to show the for or causes of; to show the logical development or logical development or relationships of.”relationships of.”

Discuss means “to make Discuss means “to make observations about something observations about something using facts, reasoning, and using facts, reasoning, and argument; to present in some argument; to present in some detail”detail”

Step 3:Step 3: Formulate a Formulate a preliminary claim (it preliminary claim (it might need revision might need revision later).later).

The beliefs and achievements of individuals have The beliefs and achievements of individuals have changed global history. These beliefs and changed global history. These beliefs and achievements have had positive and negative effects achievements have had positive and negative effects on society.on society.

One individual who has had a huge One individual who has had a huge impact on history is Nelson Mandela.impact on history is Nelson Mandela.

Steps 4 & 5:Steps 4 & 5: Collect Collect information and information and record it on a graphic record it on a graphic organizer.organizer.

Change [Individuals Who Have Changed History]Change [Individuals Who Have Changed History]IndividualIndividual Nelson Mandela (South Africa, 20Nelson Mandela (South Africa, 20thth Century—1943-1999) Century—1943-1999)

Positive Positive and/or and/or

negative negative effecteffect

One belief or One belief or achievementachievement

NationalismNationalism

End of apartheidEnd of apartheid

South Africa was controlled by the Dutch and the British during the Age of Imperialism. South Africa was controlled by the Dutch and the British during the Age of Imperialism. As a result, when South Africa became independent, the white minority (10%) controlled As a result, when South Africa became independent, the white minority (10%) controlled the country shut other races out of politics.the country shut other races out of politics.

In the 1940’s, a new political party took over and implemented the policy of apartheid, In the 1940’s, a new political party took over and implemented the policy of apartheid, which were strict laws separation of races in South Africa. The laws were designed to which were strict laws separation of races in South Africa. The laws were designed to maintain white power and keep minorities powerless.maintain white power and keep minorities powerless.

Lawyer Nelson Mandela joined the movement to protest apartheid. He became a leader Lawyer Nelson Mandela joined the movement to protest apartheid. He became a leader of the African National Congress (ANC). In addition to protests (that often erupted in of the African National Congress (ANC). In addition to protests (that often erupted in violence), the ANC and Mandela orchestrated acts of terrorism against the oppressive violence), the ANC and Mandela orchestrated acts of terrorism against the oppressive white government.white government.

As a result of his hand in violence, he was arrested and charged with treason. He was As a result of his hand in violence, he was arrested and charged with treason. He was then sent to prison for 27 years.then sent to prison for 27 years.

Despite his imprisonment, Mandela became an international symbol because he was Despite his imprisonment, Mandela became an international symbol because he was viewed as a political prisoner—or someone who is jailed for their beliefs. His story viewed as a political prisoner—or someone who is jailed for their beliefs. His story brought world-wide attention to the injustice of apartheid and other countries pressured brought world-wide attention to the injustice of apartheid and other countries pressured South Africa to end it by putting economic sanctions on the country (the refusal to trade South Africa to end it by putting economic sanctions on the country (the refusal to trade as a punishment to get a country to change policy).as a punishment to get a country to change policy).

As a result of the sanctions, the white government began to negotiate with Mandela As a result of the sanctions, the white government began to negotiate with Mandela about freeing him and ending apartheid. They were concerned that violence and civil about freeing him and ending apartheid. They were concerned that violence and civil war would result as blacks sought revenge against the whites who oppressed them.war would result as blacks sought revenge against the whites who oppressed them.

Mandela was freed and blacks were enfranchised, which means given the right to vote. Mandela was freed and blacks were enfranchised, which means given the right to vote. In the first election allow blacks to vote, Mandela was elected president.In the first election allow blacks to vote, Mandela was elected president.

South Africa has struggled since the ending of apartheid. Blacks are still very poor and South Africa has struggled since the ending of apartheid. Blacks are still very poor and have few opportunities as the result of the years of oppression.have few opportunities as the result of the years of oppression.

Step 6:Step 6: Revisit your Revisit your claim. Revise it, if claim. Revise it, if necessary.necessary.

Step 7:Step 7: Write your Write your response, using your response, using your graphic organizer to guide graphic organizer to guide you. Make sure your you. Make sure your points are in a logical points are in a logical order.order.

Step 8:Step 8: Re-read and edit Re-read and edit your response. Remember, your response. Remember, capitalization counts in this capitalization counts in this class.class.