Writing and Accounting Key Concept 1.3 = Importance of laws, literature, and systems of record...
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Transcript of Writing and Accounting Key Concept 1.3 = Importance of laws, literature, and systems of record...
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Writing and Accounting
Key Concept 1.3 =Importance of laws, literature, and systems of record keeping
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How was writing and accounting used?
• support for state authority came with the invention of writing
• regarded as a gift from the gods• people without writing viewed it as
something magical• literacy defined elite status – enormous
prestige if you had the ability to read– since writing could be learned, it allowed
for some commoners to join the circle of the literate
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How was writing and accounting used?
• Writing was used as: –Propaganda–Celebrating the deeds of kings – Used commonly in these two from by
the Egyptians and the Maya
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Writing in Mesopotamia
• Mesopotamia – – served as an accounting function = who paid
taxes, who owed the temple, payment to workers
– documentation strengthened the bureaucracy.
– Calendars were precise – contained information of when rituals should be performed
• Hammurabi’s law code – sets up divisions between class and gender
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Can writing be controlled?
• Writing, like religion, was hard to control – Gave rise to literature and philosophy…– which led to Astronomy and Mathematics– History went from oral traditions being
passed down to being written
Discussion Question:Writing was a major contributor to social and political growth/conflict – rulers always sought to control -why?
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Different systems of record keeping:
• 1. Sumer = Cuneifrom – wedge shaped, on clay tablets, represented objects, ideas, sounds. 1st written language, base for Babylonian and Assryian Script
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Different systems of record keeping:
• 2. Egypt = Hieroglyphs – signs that represent words and consonants, no vowels or syllables. Every day use
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Different systems of record keeping:
• 3. Andes = Quipu – knotted cords = used for business and administrative purposes, numerical data. Widely used in the Inca empire
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Different systems of record keeping:
• 4. Indus River Valley – 400 pictographic symbols – led to the Dravidan language currently spoken in southern India
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Different systems of record keeping:
• 5. China = oracle bones, pictographs. Inscribed on shells, bones of animals, direct ancestor of contemporary Chinese characters
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Different systems of record keeping:
• 6. Olmec = signs that represent sounds and words, system using dots and bards. Used to record names and deeds of rulers and shamans, battle and astronomical data.
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Evolution of
Cuneiform – from
tokens to symbols