WP2 : Conceptualizing the Third Sector in Europe Update Brussels | July 20-21,2014

Presenter(s)’ affiliation(s)

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third Sector in Europe

Update

Brussels| July 20-21,2014

Lester M SalamonJohns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Centre

Measuring impact. Enhancing visibility.

WP2Conceptualizing the Third Sector

BACKGROUND


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorOBJECTIVES

1. To clarify the CONCEPT of the third sector in its European manifestations

2. To show how this conceptualization relates to cross-country, cross-regional, cross-cultural, and cross sector variations.


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorTHE CHALLENGE

Considerable conceptual ambiguity

Multiple terms and concepts

Diverse legal treatment

Varied histories and cultural traditions

Different conceptualizations appropriate for different purposes


4 identifiable “clusters” of potential Third Sector manifestations: Associations & foundations (“nonprofit institutions,”

or NPIs) Cooperatives, mutuals Social enterprises or social ventures Individual activity without pay (“volunteering,” “the

public sphere,” or “civil society”)

Sectoral blurring—Not all entities in these clusters may be in-scope of the Third Sector

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorTHE CHALLENGE


family family

for-profit businessesfor-profit businessesgovernment

social ventures

coop

erat

ives

& m

utua

ls

activity without pay

THIRD SECTOR

COO

PERA

TIVE

S

& M

UTUA

LS

ACTIVITY WITHOUT PAY

SOCIAL

VENTURES

NPIs

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third Sector


We do have a specific purpose: ASSESS IMPACT

EC Directive: “stock-taking presupposes conceptual clarification”

Some common conceptual understandings of TS exist: Involves individual or collective action outside of

businesses, government, and household That creates value to persons other than solely oneself That is pursued voluntarily and without compulsion

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorNOT FULLY AT SEA


1. Sufficient BREADTH and SENSITIVITY to encompass diversity.

2. CLARITY, to differentiate Third Sector from government, for-profit businesses, and families or tribes.

3. COMPARABILITY, to highlight similarities and variations.

4. OPERATIONALIZABILITY, to permit meaningful, objective empirical measurement

5. INSTITUTIONALIZABILITY, to facilitate permanent application in official statistics.

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorNOT FULLY AT SEA: Agreed Criteria


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorNOT AT SEA: Some Significant Progress


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorNOT AT SEA: Some Significant Progress

MANUAL FOR DRAWING UP THE SATELLITE ACCOUNTS OF COMPANIES IN THE SOCIAL ECONOMY: CO-OPERATIVES AND MUTUAL SOCIETIES

CIRIEC

On behalf of the European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate–General,

carried out by CIRIEC (Centre Internationale de Recherches et del´Information sur l´Économie Sociale et Coopérative),

December 2006


WP2Conceptualizing the Third Sector

OUR STRATEGY


Establish CRITERIA

Focus on defining a “COMMON CORE”

Retain COMPONENT IDENTITIES

Endorse a MODULAR strategy

Enlist partners in a BOTTOM-UP approach

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorOUR STRATEGY


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorBottom-up approach: FIELD GUIDES

REGION RESPONSIBLE PARTNERNordic region ISF-NorwayNorthern Europe WUW-AustriaAnglo-Saxon KU—United KingdomSouthern Europe UV-SpainCentral and Eastern Europe Uniwarsaw-Poland

INSTITUTIONS/ INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY RESPONSIBLE PARTNER

Nonprofit Institutions JHU/SAIS Bologna

Mutuals and Cooperatives University of Valencia

Social Ventures Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique

Individual activity without pay JHU/SAIS Bologna


1. Identify COMMON TERMINOLOGY for TS-type entities or activity.

2. Identify the TYPES OF ENTITIES OR ACTIVITIES each term embraces.

3. Formulate a tentative set of DEFINING FEATURES OF THE THIRD SECTOR.

4. Assess tentative set of DEFINING FEATURES OF THE THIRD SECTOR in light of identified realities.

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorKEY FIELD GUIDE TASKS


1.For ORGANIZATIONAL components of TS

2.For INFORMAL AND INDIVIDUAL components of TS

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorTWO SETS OF TENTATIVE DEFINING FEATURES


ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENTS

1) Organizations, formal or informal

2) Private, i.e., institutionally separate from government

3) Self-governing, capable of acting on own authority

4) Voluntary, without compulsion

5) Totally or significantly limited from distributing profit

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorTENTATIVE DEFINING FEATURES I


1) Full prohibition on distribution of profit, or

2) If distribution of profit permitted, must be: Legally binding social mission + 50% limit on share of profit to distribute + Legally binding “capital lock,” + either:- At least 30 percent of workers or beneficiaries with

“special needs,” OR- No distribution of profits in proportion to capital

invested or fees paid

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorLIMITED PROFIT DISTRIBUTION MEANS


INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

1) Activity primarily for benefit of others, not self

2) Carried on for a meaningful period of time

3) Not-for-Pay (reimbursement of expenses OK)

4) Only for persons outside one’s household

5) Noncompulsory

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorTENTATIVE DEFINING FEATURES II


WP3Advancing the Measurement

of the Third Sector


WP3: Advancing Measurement of the Third SectorGOALS

Work with statistical agencies and third sector stakeholders to implement new statistical procedures

Create additional statistical machinery for other TS components

Generate reliable data on Third Sector size, scope, financing


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorCONSIDERATIONS

Not just number of entities but scale of human resources engaged (paid staff and volunteers)

Not only aggregates but also cross-national and sub-regional variations

Differentiation of various components in terms of activity fields and institutional type

Use of standard international activity classifications to facilitate comparison/integration


WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorINVOLVED PARTNERS

NORWAY: Institutt for Samfunnsforskning

AUSTRIA: Wirstschaftsuniversitat Wien

UK: University of Kent + TSRC

FRANCE: Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique

SPAIN: Universitat De Valencia

CROATIA: Pravni Facultet Sveučilišta Zagreb

POLAND: Uniwersytet Warszawski

NETHERLANDS: Radboud University


1. Initiate contact with civil society leaders

2. Finalize data availability field guides

3. Contact statistical officials

4. Complete FG guide responses (Partners)

5. Initial working paper on Data Availability

6. Formulate country strategies for data collection

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorREMAINING TASKS: Year 1


8. Develop new official measurement guidelines for other in-scope institutional units/activities*

9. Work with statistical agencies in 5-8 countries to generate data

10. Integrate acquired data into comparative database — Produce and disseminate Size and Scope Section of Final European Third Sector Impact Report* — November 2016

WP2: Conceptualizing the Third SectorTASKS: Year 2 & beyond

www.thirdsectorimpact.eu · [email protected]

Thank you for your attention. THANKS!!!

http://www.thirdsectorimpact.eu/

mailto:[email protected]

WP2 : Conceptualizing the Third Sector in Europe Update Brussels | July 20-21,2014

Documents

Transcript of WP2 : Conceptualizing the Third Sector in Europe Update Brussels | July 20-21,2014