Wow WednesdayDown loading e-books todayBiochemistry NotesPre-AP: You will need your spirals today after bellwork

Bellwork 8: Periodic TableDate: 9/16/09

1. What is the periodic table? 2. What does the periodic table do for us

with reference to the elements?

Biochemistry

Elements and Atoms• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up

space.• Atoms are the basic building blocks of all

matter.• Elements are basic substances that cannot be

broken down into other substances.• Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms

of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties)

• Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.

Atoms• The center of an atom is called the nucleus.• Consists of three subatomic particles called:

Protons: positive chargeNeutrons: neutral/no chargeElectrons: negative charge

• 1st level can hold 2 electrons• 2nd level can hold 8 electrons• 3rd level can hold 18 electrons

Periodic Table

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.305

Atomic Number: Protons

Symbol

Element

Atomic Mass Number: Protons

+

Neutrons

(Nucleus)

QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??

Periodic Table

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.305

Protons

Protons + Neutrons

Protons = ElectronsIn a neutral atom

Periodic Table

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.305

12

24-12 = 12

12

Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =

Periodic Table

17

Cl

Chlorine

35

17

35-17 = 18

17

Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =

Periodic Table

55

Cs

Cesium

133

55

133-55 = 78

55

Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =

Periodic Table

12

12

12

Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =

Periodic Table

16

16

16

Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Bonding

• The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal)

http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0904.htm

Bonding

Bonding

Bonding

The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalent bonding. (2 nonmetals)

Bonding

Polarity one atom (O) has a

greater attraction for the electrons than the other atom (H).

Bonding

•http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html •http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch10/anim/anim1001.htm

Chemical Equations

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

ProductsReactants

CO2 +  H2O + LIGHT ENERGYLIGHT ENERGY    C6H12O6  + O2 6 6 6

Inorganic Substances

• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7.

• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of 7-14.

• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.

Not Containing Carbon

HCl H2SO4

NaOHKOH

NaClMgCl2

Exceptions: CO2 and H2O

Inorganic Substances

HOHSo what is water??

A little bitAcidic

A little bitBasic = Neutral= Neutral

Organic Substances

• Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars• Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides• Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least

1 fatty acid• Proteins: made up of amino acids

Organic Substances – contain Carbon and Hydrogen

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

direct all cell processes

catalysts transport

movement protectionimmune growth

energy storagecell structures

energy

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

SugarsStarches

MeatsHormones

MuscleHairNails

EnzymesBlood Cells

FatsOils

Waxes

DNARNA

Organic Substances

InorganicAcid Base Salt

OrganicCarbohydrate

ProteinLipid

Nucleic Acid

Organic Chemistry Lab Foods

A: Butter B: Egg Whites C: Oil D: Yogurt E: Apple Juice F: Spinach G: Potato H: Water

Lets talk about results

Copy the following questions: ANALYSIS QUESTIONS/CONCLUSION 1. Which compound is most common in

foods that come from plants? Which compound is most common in foods that come from animals?

2. Does water contain any of the organic compounds you tested? Explain why water was used as the control.

3. If you wanted to reduce the amount of fat in your diet, what foods would you avoid?

4. Which foods tested would your body use for a quick burst of energy? For energy when no carbohydrates are available? For building body parts?

5. Summarize the results of this lab by writing a “Knowledge Claim” stating what compounds each food consists of.