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OB PresentationGROUP 3

AYUSHI RASTOGI

ISHAAN MEHTA

SANIKA GOKHALE

SANKALP SAXENA

SHIKHA BINANI

SIMARPREET SINGH

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Organizational Structure of US

Army Field Army

Corps

2-5 divisions

Corps

2-5 divisions

Division3 brigades

Brigades Brigades

Battalion

Company

Platoon

Squad

Brigades

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Changes : Post 9/11

• To make the army fully manned, equipped, modernized & trained

• Review brigade, division, corps, and the ASCC structure

• Higher headquarters, brigades and portions of divisions will bereduced to form more modular Brigade Combat Team (BCT) forces

• Above the BCT level, a single level of command will conduct manyof the same command and control missions currently being performed

by the two levels of command associated with a Division and a Corps.• The new organizational designs will enable the Army to deploy large

forces much more rapidly than in the past and sustain them innoncontiguous environments.

Example- The operation by American Force to assassinate Osama Bin

Laden

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Differentiation

Basis of Differentiation

Specific mission requirements e.g. U.S. Army, Europe(USAREUR),U.S. Army Recruiting Command(USAREC)

 Task or functional specialization e.g. operations, intelligenceand security, logistics, and research and development

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Integration

Army Principal Output: mission-ready forces

Three levels of complexity of integrative mechanisms:

o Standard rules and procedures

o Interdependence: achieved through operational plans

o Mutual adjustment : close coordination required within chainof command implying cross-functional teams/individual

integrators. e.g. battalion task-force approach to integratingtanks and infantry

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Integration

Headquarters: most prominent integrating department in theorganization

Achieved in a formal series of meetings at the senior staff level

Heads of the staff agencies, the Deputy Chiefs of Staff themselveshave a principal integrating role

Task forces, working groups, and committees with membership

from throughout the ARSEC and ARSTAF

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Centralized v Decentralized Decision -

Making

Centralized decision-making command structure: Decisions made at the

strategic level

Objective: Provide solution to a number of issues in the broader sense. Definethe roles and responsibilities at each level of war to address the element of

uncertainty for the entire organization

Decentralized decision-making command structure: Advances in

technology and warfare may warrant certain innovationsObjective: Delegate responsibility to lowest level of command structure to

those who have better knowledge of the immediate situation. This reduces

war related organizational uncertainty by making organizational structure

flexible and responsive.

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Situation Analysis

Armies were seen to take approach of centralization vs.decentralization depending upon the external factors and

environment. US Army : Decentralization more flexibility and resources to deal

with the Global War on Terrorism as well as the potential conflicts

Iraq War: dealing with Urban wars(door to door wars) required themto use decentralized structure

Gulf War: combination of centralized and decentralized commandstructure

Afghanistan War: decentralized structure a necessity terrain andthe cave-to-cave, mountain to mountain style of fighting

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Implications for the Future

Decentralized decision-making empowers leaders to operate atfaster tempos by giving them the authority to make decisions

autonomously.

Best suited for urban warfare. The enemy attempts to offset theadvantages that the military has in the form of informationtechnology and advance weaponry by launching attacks inpopulated areas

A combination of a centralized and decentralized decision-makingcommand structure will provide the military more flexibility andresources to deal with the Global War on Terrorism and the potentialconflict between the United States and other World Powers

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Thank You