World Water Forum 2009: Water and Energy Security for All: Feedback of the Sirte 2008 Conference on...

World Water Forum 2009:

Water and Energy Security for All:

Feedback of the Sirte 2008 Conference on “Water for Agriculture

and Energy: the Challenges of Climate Change”

Maher Salman, Technical Officer, FAO20 March 2008 – Istanbul, Turkey

Sirte, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. 15-17 December 2008

Water for Agriculture and Energy in Africa: The Challenges of Climate Change

The Challenge

Africa has a vast potential for agricultural expansion and of both renewable and non-renewable energy sources however...

... the continent is lagging behind in terms of energy and agricultural productivity, with serious implications for development and trade balance



The Projections

African population reaching 2 billion people by 2030 and expected to double by 2050

Energy demand is expected to double by 2030 while the cereal bill for low income countries is expected to triple by 2030



Agriculture and food security in Africa

• Approximately 40% of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undernourished.

• Agriculture is a basis of African economy: it generates 1/3 of the GDP and employs about 70% of the work force in most countries.

Source: FAOSTAT, 2003

Undernourished Population(as % of total population)



Irrigation

Source: FAO, AQUASTAT, 2005

Irrigation (as % of cultivated area)

• Irrigation is practised on 6 % of the total cultivated area of the continent

• This value ranges from practically 0 in the Central African Republic to almost 100 percent in Egypt

• About 70 % of the total area under irrigation is found in 5 countries (South Africa, Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco and Sudan).



Irrigation Potential

River basin million ha

Congo 9.8

Nile 8.0

Zambezi 3.2

Niger 2.8

Volta 1.5

Madagascar 1.5

Lake Chad 1.2

Sub-total 28.0

Other North 2.2

Other West 6.7

Other South 2.5

Other East 3.1

Sub-total 14.2

AFRICA 42.5Source: FAO, AQUASTAT, 2005



The Energy Gap

• The electricity consumption in most of the African countries does not reach one tenth of the world average consumption.

• In SSA 526 million people live without access to power supply.• The supply of energy is limited and unreliable.• Limited coverage of public electricity grids

People without electricity (1970-2030)

OECD 20%

Transition ec.17%

Latin America 20%

China 13%

East Asia 8%South Asia

7%Middle East

2%Africa13%

Hydropower Potential

• The hydropower potential of Africa is about 13% of the World potential

• Only 5% of this potential is exploited

• Lack of funding and international support for commercial energy projects

Source: World Energy Council (WEC), 2001

18%

8%

56%

5%

13%

North Africa West Africa Central Africa

East Africa Southern Africa

Hydropower Generation by Region



The Sirte Conference: Objectives

Examined the issue of water resources in Africa in the context of higher demand from the agriculture and energy sectors and climate change.

Discussed water control projects within the framework of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP).

Examined investment needs and management problems for harnessing water and irrigation at village level, for the rehabilitation of large-scale hydro-agricultural works and for the development of major river basins.

• Enriched discussions held at the Committee of the Whole, the two roundtables, and the parallel events

• 53 National Investment Briefs

About 1,000 projects reviewed (country by country, region by region for short, medium and long term)

Investment needs estimated at US$ 65 billion in the span of 20 years



The Sirte Conference: Outcomes

A declaration by Governments of Africa and development partners to put together an Action Plan and engage into investment programmes for water development in support of agriculture and energy at short, medium and long term

National Investment Briefs (NIBs) for all African countries with estimated investment needs in water for agriculture and energy based on a review and updating of NEPAD-CAADP and other investment Projections at both country and river basin levels

A follow up mechanism to monitor and evaluate the agreed Action Plan and to promote more investment programmes on water for agriculture and energy in Africa



Conference Themes and Focus

FOCUS ON:FOCUS ON:

Concrete Programmes and Concrete Programmes and Action Plan for Action Plan for

Assessment of Assessment of their financial their financial cost in terms of cost in terms of feasibility feasibility studies and studies and implementation implementation of worksof works

THEME 1:Prospects for Food and Energy Demand by 2015 and Projections for 2030- 2050

THEME 2:Defining the Investment Envelope

THEME 3:The Financing Mechanisms and Implementation Strategies



The investment Envelope for Africa - 1

Size of project

Time Frame

Short-term 2,385 778 7,818 10,981

Medium-term 7,041 3,509 28,207 38,758

Long-term 1,491 1,329 12,042 14,862

Total 10,917 5,616 48,067 64,600

Size of project

Time Frame

Short-term 4% 1% 12% 17%

Medium-term 11% 5% 44% 60%Long-term 2% 2% 19% 23%

Total 17% 9% 74% 100%

AFRICASmall scale water

controlRehabilitation of

irrigation Large scale Total

1,000 projects43% Ongoing

57% Pipeline



The Investment Envelope for Africa - 2

Short-term17%

Medium-term60%

Long-term23%

The Investment Envelope in terms of Project Size

The Investment Envelope by Time Frame



The Investment Envelope by Region

North AfricaNorth Africa

West AfricaWest Africa

East AfricaEast Africa

Central AfricaCentral Africa

Southern AfricaSouthern Africa

North AfricaNorth Africa

West AfricaWest Africa

East AfricaEast Africa

Central AfricaCentral Africa

Southern AfricaSouthern Africa



The Investment Framework

• Policy alignment

• Public and private institutional capacity

• Enabling environment that can attract and implement larger proportions of investment

Prerequisites

Objectives• To set out the investment requirements and monitor the impact of

investments.

• To integrate the diverse economic sector interests at national level and matching these with capital and recurrent budget allocations of governments and the eligibility requirements of donors.

• To allow explicit recognition of private investment.



Key Messages

water for energy and water for agriculture are not to be seen as necessarily alternative approaches, instead water management for hydropower and

agriculture should go hand in hand

In many cases, hydropower dams are promoted as being suitable for multi-purpose functions, such as supplying water for irrigation and drinking

water, both in the case of large and small-hydropower facilities

Agriculture and energy are two highly interconnected sectors: on one side, any further growth in the rural space will necessarily increase demand

for energy; on the other side, an increased access to energy could ensure an adequate agriculture development that would, thus, stimulate

rural and economic development



Conclusions

African Countries have to make progress towards meeting the Maputo budget target

Development partners need to increase investment in the water sector to help

broaden and accelerate the recent economic and agricultural growth process

THANK YOU

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