World War One aka “The Great...
Transcript of World War One aka “The Great...
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WORLD WAR ONE
AKA “THE GREAT
WAR”
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1. What is it?
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2. What is it?
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3. What is it?
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4. What is it?
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5. What is it?
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6. What is it?
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7. Who is it?
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8. Who is it?
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9. What is it?
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10. What is it?
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11. What is it?
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World War I 1914 to 1918
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The U.S. involvement in WWI ended a long
tradition of isolationism in European
conflicts…
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…and set the
stage for the
U.S. to
emerge as a
global
superpower
later in the
20th
century.
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There were
disagreements
about the
extent the U.S.
should isolate
itself from
world affairs.
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■ War started in
Europe in 1914
■ It was called the
Great War
■ Later it was called
World War I
■ Isolationism: The
United States stayed
out of the war for
the first couple years
of war.
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Events That Led to
World War I
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1.The spark is lit with
the Assassination
of the Austrian
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
in
Sarajevo
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2. Countries Formed Alliances -
“I’ve got your back if you’ve got mine”
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The Allied
Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Belgium
Serbia
Italy (1915)
United States (1917)
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The Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bosnia
The Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria
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3. Countries had a strong sense of
Nationalism mixed
with Militarism
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4. Competition for Colonies.
The “Sick Man of Europe”- the Ottoman
Empire (most of modern Middle East) is
falling apart and nearby nations are eager
to take over.
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Militarism: European nations working
to grow their military
Alliance System: European nations
partnered with one another and agreed
to back one another if attacked
Imperialism: European nations were
fighting for territory and trade
Nationalism: European nations had
pride in one’s nation
Causes of the War (MAIN)
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Reasons the United States Entered the
War
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1. U.S. had economic and political ties
to Great Britain
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2. Interception of the Zimmerman
Telegram
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The Zimmerman Telegram
■ In January of 1917, British
cryptographers deciphered a
telegram from German Foreign
Minister Arthur Zimmermann to
the German Minister to Mexico,
offering United States territory to
Mexico in return for joining the
German cause (Central Powers).
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Zimmerman Telegram -
Encrypted
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Zimmerman Telegram -
Deciphered
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3. Sinking of the Lusitania German U-
boats were sinking allied ships, including
those carrying civilians. In May, 1915,
Germany torpedoed and sank the Lusitania,
killing more than 1,200 passengers and
crew – Americans were outraged!
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U-Boats sink the Lusitania
in 1915
■ http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/lusitania# (2:04)
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Sinking of the Lusitania-
Propaganda
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4.Inability
to remain
neutral
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The U.S. Enters
World War I
The world must be
made safe for
democracy!
President Wilson
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America’s Response
■President Woodrow Wilson finally
agrees to enter the war in 1917.
■Asking Congress for a declaration of
war, Wilson says that it will be a
“war to end all wars”.
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■ Progress in science
and technology
made warfare
increasingly
destructive
■ Both sides created
new weapons and
improved old
ones
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1. Poison gas…
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…American soldiers wore gas masks to
protect them from the poison gas
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3. Submarines or U-boats
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4. Airplane
Assaults
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SINCE THE FIRST
AIRPLANE
WASN’T
INVENTED
UNTIL 1903…
the technology wasn’t
the best.
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5. Trench Warfare
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Life in a Trench
■ http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-
history/videos/life-in-a-trench
■ (4:00)
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Other Technologies of WWI
6. Automatic Weapons
7. Helmets
8. Flamethrowers
9. Barbed Wire
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Germany Fighting on Two
Fronts
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Germany Fighting on Two Fronts
■ Germany planned to first defeat France and
then turn to Russia since it would take Russia
longer to mobilize.
■ Trench warfare was slow and deadly- battle
lines barely moved and going “over the top”
of the trench to storm the other side was
usually a death sentence.
■ Germany was nearing Paris when America
entered the war.
■ *Note: Russian Revolution in 1917 took Russia
out of the war.
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America’s Role
■Wilson called for a draft to
increase the size of the army.
■America was short on supplies,
troops, and training.
■ It took almost a year for America
to make it to the Western Front.
■ In the summer of 1918 American
forces helped hold the lines in
France and push Germany back.
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North Carolina’s Role
■NC sent over 86,000 troops to
fight in the war.
■ In just five short months of combat,
America suffered 54,000 casualties
on the battlefield, including over
800 from NC.
■ 1,500 NC soldiers died of disease
during the war (mostly influenza).
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The Homefront
■Civilians were encouraged to:
– Enlist in the military
–Buy War Bonds
–Ration Valuable Supplies
(gasoline, metal, etc)
– Eat Less and Waste Nothing
– Join organizations such as the Red
Cross
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