WORLD WAR II. Essential Question: What role did the United States play in fighting in the Pacific...
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WORLD
WAR II
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Essential Question:What role did the United States play in fighting in the Pacific during World War II?
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While the war was coming to an end in Europe, the Allies continued to fight the Japanese in the
Pacific.
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After the attack on Pearl Harbor,
the USA sent troops to the
Pacific theater. The Pacific war revealed a new kind of fighting by using aircraft
carriers.
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The Japanese took the Philippines just days after
Pearl Harbor. General MacArthur, vowing to
return, had to evacuate and forces surrendered.
After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched a major offensive and were able to tae Hong
Kong, Singapore, The Dutch East Indies, Malaysia, and invaded Burma.
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THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH
After the loss of the Philippines, Allied prisoners were broken into small groups and forced to march to prison camps.
They were treated very cruelly and approximately 10,000 died in the 6-12 day journey through the jungle.
This violated the Geneva Convention, a 1929 international agreement on the treatment of prisoners
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The Chinese officially joined the Allies on Dec. 9th.
U.S. sent aid to the Chinese
but they lost to Japanese at Burma and
were forced to retreat.
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The Dolittle Raid was in revenge of Pearl Harbor and a symbolic message.
A group of B-25 bombers
launched from an aircraft carrier to
bomb Tokyo in April 1942.
They did little damage and were forced to crash-
land in China, but it did help boost
morale despite all the defeats in the
Pacific.
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May 1942: Battle of the Coral Sea: 1st naval battle
fought entirely by airplanes. It was a
tie.
June 1942: The turning point
in the war in the Pacific came at
the Battle of Midway.After Midway,
the Allies began to regain islands
controlled by Japan.
It did stop the Japanese
advance and invasion of Australia.
Most Japanese carriers were
sunk and Japan was put on the
defensive.
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Japan did not play by traditional rules in war.
“Kamikaze” pilots flew planes into
battleships & aircraft carriers.
Japanese soldiers refused to surrender &
tortured Allied prisoners of war.
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The problem for the Allies was the time & troops it would cost to retake the
thousands of islands the Japanese
controlled in the Pacific.The U.S. developed an
island-hopping strategy to skip the heavily defended
islands & seize islands close to Japan.
From 1943 to 1945, the Allies took back a series of islands
including the Philippines & were
moving in on Japan.
August 1942: The fight for Guadalcanal took 6
months & cost 25,000 Japanese
& 2,000 U.S. lives.
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October 1944: MacArthur returned to Philippines and finally conquered Manila in March
1945.
American submarines were
ruining Japan’s fleet, & the firebomb raid
on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945, killed
83,000 people.
Japan lost sea power in March 1945 with last naval battle of
Leyte Gulf.
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In 1945, the Allies won the islands of
Iwo Jima & Okinawa. From these islands, the
U.S. began firebombing Tokyo & other Japanese
cities.
Despite significant damage from
kamikaze pilots
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By May 1945, the war in Europe was over & U.S. began preparing for a land
invasion of Japan.
Despite losing control of the Pacific &
withstanding firebomb attacks, Japan refused
to surrender.
…But, perhaps a land invasion was not necessary…
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WHETHER TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB?
CRITICAL THINKING DECISION A FDR’s
Decision:
BIn 1939, Albert
Einstein wrote U.S. President Franklin
Roosevelt about the potential to build a nuclear
weapon. FDR created a top-secret program
called the Manhattan Project.
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THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
Robert Oppenheimer
was put in charge of developing the
bomb.From 1942-1945, a number of secret labs across the
country developed
& built the bomb.
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Physicist Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago
developed the nuclear reaction
Nuclear plant in Hanford, WA developed the plutonium.
The bomb was constructed in a secret city in Oak Ridge, TN.
In July 1945, the bomb was successfully tested at Los
Alamos, New Mexico during Project Trinity.
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In April 1945, FDR died & his VP Harry Truman had to decide how to end the war in the
Pacific.
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WHETHER TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB: CRITICAL THINKING DECISION B
Truman’s Decision:
C
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In July 1945, the Big Three met at the Potsdam Conference to discuss the end of
WWII.
Truman learned the atomic bomb was ready & issued the Potsdam Declaration to Japan: “surrender or
face destruction.”
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When Japan refused to surrender, Truman
ordered the bombing of Hiroshima on August
6, 1945.
After 3 days, Japan did not surrender
so a 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on
Nagasaki.After the second atomic bomb,
Emperor Hirohito agreed to a surrender.
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HiroshimaNagasaki
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WHETHER TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB: CRITICAL THINKING DECISION C
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JUSTIFICATION FOR DROPPING BOMB
• End the war quickly and theoretically save lives
• Revenge for Pearl Harbor• Intimidate the Soviet Union and
other potential enemies• Justify the expense of the Manhattan
Project
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CONCLUSIONS: THE IMPACT OF WORLD WAR IIWorld War II was the biggest, most deadly,
& most impactful war in world history:Europe was destroyed by the war & lost its place as the epicenter of power in the world
The USA & USSR emerged as super powers & rivals competing for influence in the world
A United Nations was formed to replace the League of Nations to help promote peace
Colonized nations began to demand independence from Europeans
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WW2 TIMELINE (ALLIES, AXIS, USSR)
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CONCLUSIONSWW2 was the largest & deadliest
war in history & changed the U.S.Wartime industry ended the Great Depression, expanded the size of the federal gov’t, & ushered in affluent decade
The USA emerged as a world superpower, developed a nuclear arsenal, & engaged a Cold War against the USSR