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Slide 2 World War II Slide 3 Daily Agenda 1. Rise of Dictators 2. Causes of World War II 3. Early Pacific Events Slide 4 World War II The Rise of Dictators identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Benito Mussolini In 1919 he founded the Fascist party in Italy. He was backed by the militia known as the Blackshirts. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk /life_in_fascist_italy.htm Vladimir Lenin Set up Communist governments throughout the Russian empire. Named the USSR in 1922 http://www.biography.com/people/vladimir-lenin-9379007 Slide 5 World War II Dictators continued Joseph Stalin Became Dictator of Soviet Union in 1926 Adolf HitlerJan 30, 1933 appointed Prime Minister (Chancellor) of Germany. In Aug. 1934, he became President giving him full dictatorial powers. identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Slide 6 Dictators continued World War II Hirohito Became Emperor of Japan after hostile take-over of Manchuria With the rise of dictators came the fear that imperialism would go wild identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Slide 7 Causes of World War II TOTALITARIANISM Total or complete rule by a dictator With the rise of dictators came the joining of nations to build up strength and power Rome-Berlin Axis October, 1936 = the joining of German and Italy http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5 08900/Rome-Berlin-Axis identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. NATIONALISM Extreme pride in ones country Slide 8 identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Causes of WWII MILITARISMMassive military buildup Germany violates the Treaty of Versailles by beginning military build-up in 1935 In March 1936, Germany began their take-over of other countries IMPERIALISMThe desire to take over other countries Slide 9 Daily Agenda 1. Early Events in the Pacific 2. Early Events in Europe Slide 10 Pacific Theatre Early events in the Pacific Japan invaded Manchuria in Sept. 1931 soon thereafter, they pulled out of the League of Nations The US staged attack on Pearl Harbor. Sunday Feb. 7, 1932, this surprise attack was conducted by air power on the base at Pearl Harbor identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Slide 11 European Theatre Early Events in Europe On Oct. 3, 1935, Italy attacked Ethiopia (Abyssinia) March 7, 1936 Germany invades the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone. identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Slide 12 Early Events in Europe European Theatre March 1938 Germany invades Austria September 29, 1938 Munich Agreement (Britain and France hoping to avoid war gave in to Hitlers demands in a policy known as appeasement) identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Slide 13 September 1938 Germany invades the Sudetenland (a German speaking part of Czechoslovakia) European Theatre Early Events in Europe March 1939 Germany takes the rest of Czechoslovakia. August 23, 1939 Russo- German Pact, a nonaggression treaty between Germany and Russia with a secret agreement to divide Poland. identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. Slide 14 The War Itself September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland September 3, 1939 Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. Europe was now in the grip of war. identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. European Theatre Appeasement FAILED Slide 15 The War Itself Initial German Successes Conquest of Denmark and Norway April 9, 1940, the German army attacked Norway and Denmark; both countries fell within a month. Hitler invaded the Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, and Luxembourg; these 3 nations would fall by May of 1940. By avoiding the Maginot Line, Hitler now had an easy path to France http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/magin ot_line.htm identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. European Theatre Slide 16 The War Itself The Fall of France By June 4, British and French troops had evacuated Belgium through the French port of Dunkirk and across the English Channel. On June 22, 1940, France surrendered to Germany. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/765004.stm Hitler thought Britain would negotiate peace after the fall of France; however, Prime Minister Winston Churchill had other plans identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. European Theatre Slide 17 The War Itself Battle of Britain The German air force, Luftwaffe, launched an all-out air battle to destroy Britain; however, the British had radar stations and they were able to detect incoming German aircraft and direct British fighters to intercept them. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKDGM5KTBY German air force identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor. European Theatre Slide 18 Daily Agenda 1. Movement in the Pacific 2. Japanese Internment Slide 19 Pearl Harbor The US had some indications that something might be up with Japan. On Sat. Dec. 6, an employee of Naval Intelligence (Dorothy Edgers) attempted to inform her superiors that a message showed Honolulu as a target; she was told the message could wait until Monday. General George Marshall tried to warn Pearl Harbor, but bad weather delayed the message. http://www.ww2f.com/information-requests/24242-dorothy-edgers-pearl-harbor.html identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor Slide 20 The War Itself Pacific Theatre December 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fdNYPJXS8 identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor Bombing of Pearl Harbor Slide 21 Pearl Harbor The Attack Itself On Sunday morning at 7:55 am, the first wave of 183 Japanese planes came in under cloud cover. Minutes later, submarines, fired torpedoes at the docked ships. By 10:00 am 18 ships were sunk or disabled, 188 planes were disabled, and 159 were destroyed. identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor Impact of this attack? Slide 22 The War Continues in the Pacific December 8, 1941 The United States declares war on Japan December 11, 1941 Germany & Italy declare war on the United States December 11, 1941 The United States declares war on Germany & Italy identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor Slide 23 Internment of Japanese Americans February 19, 1942 http://www.historyonthenet.com/ WW2/japan_internment_camps.ht m Order given by Roosevelt to put Japanese Americans into prison camps for the duration of the war The War in the Pacific Continues identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor April 1942 Bataan Death March US and Filipino POWs were taken on a brutal 6 day 120 mile trek to a prison after being captured in the Philippines. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory. com/bataandeathmarch.htm http://www.google.com/search?q=bataan+death+ma rch&hl=en&tbo=u&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ei= 7tILUb_rFYLr2wW224DICQ&sqi=2&ved=0CEcQsAQ& biw=1280&bih=575 Slide 24 The War in the Pacific Continues April 18, 1942 Retaliation bombing of Tokyo Lt. Col. James Doolittle led 16 B-25 bombers on a mission to bomb Tokyo. The crew dropped 2000 lbs bombs in retaliation for the bombing of Pearl Harbor. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v= f25-FnGkiwo June 1942 The Aleutian Islands of Attu and Kiska (located near Alaska)became occupied by Japan. Japan also bombed Alaska, shelled the Oregon coast, and placed subs in the Gulf of Mexico. identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor Slide 25 Daily Agenda 1. Axis Mistakes 2. American Preparation & Aid 3. Germany faces defeat Slide 26 Axis Mistakes Operation Barbarosa June 1941 Hitler broke the Russo-German Pact and attacked the Soviet Union. Problem? Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II, including Italian, German, and Japanese dictatorships and their aggression, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operatio n_barbarossa.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhlDMYAGoMo Slide 27 American Preparation and Aid Neutrality Act 1939 The Neutrality Act was created to keep the United States out of WWII. It prohibited the shipment of war materials to warring nations and it prohibited American citizens from traveling on the warring nations ships except at their own risk. The 1939 revision allowed cash and carry to warring nations, or it allowed the U.S. to sell weapons to the fighting nations as long as they paid in cash immediately and carried them in their own ships. This revision was made mainly to aid Britain. Slide 28 American Preparation and Aid Lend-lease Act March 1941 http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=71 President was authorized to lend or lease materials to those nations helpful to the Allied cause. Atlantic Charter Committed Roosevelt and Churchill to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas. War Production Board created to set priorities and production goals and control the distribution of raw materials and supplies. Slide 29 Building an Army Selective Service Act 1940 http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/franklin- roosevelt-approves-military-draft First peace time draft in US history Tuskegee Airmen The 99 th Pursuit Squadron fighter pilots who protected bombers Slide 30 Women in the War Established in May 1942, this was the first time women were allowed in the military. http://www.nww2m.com/2012/05/waac- created/ WASP Women Airforce Service Pilots http://waspmuseum.org/ "Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service" WAVES http://www.history.navy.mil/p hotos/prs-tpic/females/wave- ww2.htm Slide 31 Victory in Europe Operation Torch Nov. 8, 1942 The American invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) began under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower with General Patton in charge of the forces on the ground. On May 13, 1943, German forces in North Africa surrendered Russian Counter Offensive Early in 1943, the Nazis were driven out of Russia, then the RAF bombed Berlin. Battle of Stalingrad turning point of the war Slide 32 Victory in Europe Anglo-American invasion of France Operation Overlord aka D- Day June 6, 1944 largest amphibious assault of all time December 16, 1944 January 31, 1945 Battle of the Bulge Hitlers last ditch effort to win the war http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31nt 2fsMORU Slide 33 Victory in Europe April 30, 1945 Death of Hitler (suicide) http://www.historylear ningsite.co. uk/death_o f_adolf_hitl er1.htm May 2, 1945 Russians capture Berlin May 7, 1945 V-E Day Victory in Europe Germany surrenders http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=OFFEKPIB0J8 Slide 34 Daily Agenda 1. Japan faces defeat 2. End of war Slide 35 Japan faces Defeat The US island-hopping campaign began in the central Pacific in the fall of 1943 June 1942 The Battle of Midway turning point of the war. This battle stopped the Japanese attack in the Pacific Battle of Guadacanal Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943 first major offensive by the US Battle for Iwo Jima Feb./March 1945 May-Aug. 1945 aerial onslaught on Japan. Greatest air offensive in history Slide 36 Japan faces Defeat The American program to build an atomic bomb. It was headed by General Leslie Groves. On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated near Alamogordo, New Mexico President Truman felt it was his duty to use every weapon available to save American lives. The Allies threatened Japan with utter destruction but received no reply. Slide 37 Japan faces Defeat Aug 6, 1945 Bombing of Hiroshima At 8:15 am 20,000 tons of TNT force hit, instantly pulverizing a 2 mile radius 5 stages of atomic bomb Flash of light Intense heat Bone rattling blast Tornado force windShocking mushroom cloud http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=-22tna7KHzI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF4L QaWJRDg Slide 38 Japan faces Defeat Aug. 9, 1945 Bombing of Nagasaki Because Japan refused to surrender a second bomb was dropped August 10, 1945 Japan offered surrender with the condition that Hirohito would remain emperor Aug. 15, 1945 V-J Day September 2, 1945 formal surrender took place on the U.S.S. Missouri http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =vcnH_kF1zXc Slide 39 Building a New World United Nations In 1944 delegates from 39 countries met to discuss a new international political organization In August 1945, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) was created by the US, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union to punish German and Japanese leaders for their war crimes. Nuremburg Trials Trials for the German leaders suspected of committing war crimes http://www.ushmm.org/museu m/exhibit/focus/warcrimetrials/