World War II. CAUSES OF WWII Treaty of Versailles Appeasement Rise of Totalitarianism CAUSES OF WWII...
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Transcript of World War II. CAUSES OF WWII Treaty of Versailles Appeasement Rise of Totalitarianism CAUSES OF WWII...
World War II
World War II
CAUSES OF WWII
Treaty of VersaillesAppeasementRise of Totalitarianism
Joseph Stalin-
New Leaders = New Problems
Hitler in Germany- rise to Nazism – Aryans were physically and morally superior. Purify Germany by removing all other races- Holocaust
Tojo in Japan- rise of militarism- increase military’s power and strength- aggression for more land- Rape of Nanjing- massacred 300,000 Chinese civilians
Mussolini in Italy- fascism- took control of entire country- fascist dictator eliminating civil rights and spying on the people.
Stalin in USSR- totalitarianism- goals to increase agricultural production and modernize industry- killed those who stood in his way- Great Purge- killing millions
Spanish Civil War
1936: General Francisco Franco leads rebels against Spanish republic Republic backed by Soviet Union Franco backed by Hitler & Mussolini led to alliance
[Rome-Berlin Axis] Arose passions across the world – “Spain was the
place to stop fascism”Western Democracies REMAINED neutral1939- Franco victory
Established dictatorship
United States Responds Cautiously
U.S. wanted ISOLATIONISM
1933: Roosevelt wanted to extend foreign relations1935: Congress pushed more towards neutrality
Neutrality Acts: outlawed arms sales and loans to nations at war By 1937 FDR hard to stay neutral : aid China during
Japanese invasion
Objective 2
Explain Hitler’s motives for expansion and how Britain and France responded to those actions.
Review
What were Hitler’s goals? Where do you think he got these ideas from? Rebuild and reform Germany
More land for desirable people Reform areas around Germany to be like master race
Complete control (totalitarianism) Total expansion- Living Space Regain German pride and honor in world
Refused to pay back war debt- coming in to save the day!
Mein KampfEugenics
Mein Kampf
“…the investment of sons today, will someday acquit the responsible statesman of blood-guilt and sacrifice of the people…”
“Germany will either be a world power or there will be no Germany. And for world power she needs that magnitude which will give her the position she needs in the present period, and life to her citizens.”
Hitler’s Nazi Party Gains Support
Hitler as a Leader
Adolf Hitler, took advantage of Germany’s troubles to stir up German nationalism.
Regained German Pride
Rearmed GermanyReasons/need for
more Land
Hitler’s Path to War
Reasons for Expansion: Provide more “living space”
Expand the Third Reich
1. Took back the Rhineland—1936 2. Union with Austria – 19383. Annex Czechoslovakia – 1938
1. Wanted Sudetenland2. “Living space”
Goals: >Convince Western powers he had “good intentions”>Delay start of war until troops ready
1. Hitler’s Road to Expansion
1936- German troops occupied the Rhineland German region on the border with France.
Hitler uses an army to take the land Despite the Versailles Treaty that banned military
activities in this region, League of Nations did nothing in response
2. Hitler Unites With Austria
Hitler was born in Austria
Austria had unstable government
Austrian Nazi Party wins as Chancellor of Austria
Nazi Leaders Unite! No opposition
League of Nations Britain & France
3. Hitler and Nazi Party Welcomed in Czech
Goal: 1. Provide more
“living space” and expand the Third Reich
2. “Last invasion” – convince Western powers he has good intentions
3. Delay war until troops are ready
• Signed Munich Agreement with Great Britain• 1938-Annexed Sudetenland
• Area of German speaking people
Great Britain Responds
Neville Chamberlain: British Prime Minister met with Hitler –
signed Munich Pact Hitler was granted
Sudetenland bc “last territorial demand”
Chamberlain wanted to keep GB out of WAR Chose to believe Hitler
Winston Churchill’s response
Political rival of Chamberlain
Didn’t believe Hitler Truly despised appeasement
“By this time next year we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite.” ~ Winston Churchill
Expansion all Around
Hitler- Germany- taking land in Europe Rhineland, Austria,
SudetenlandMussolini- Italy- taking
land in Africa Ethiopia
Tojo- Japan- taking land in Asia Manchuria, China
The rest of the world- passive spectators
Who is going to stop Expansion?
Setting the Stage for War
Hitler WANTED Poland : home to large German speaking population
What would happen if Hitler invaded Poland?1. Britain and France declare war2. Soviet Union would declare war
1939Nonaggression pact: signed between Hitler and StalinCommitted to never attack each other
ATTACK!!
Sept 1, 1939 Germany invades PolandGerman Military Strategy
Blitzkrieg: lightening warfare Without warning, German bombers launched attacks on
railroads, airfields, communication networks, military bases, and other strategic sites.
Attacks prevented Poland’s mobilization- ill equipped & overwhelmed
Sept 17th Germany & USSR had complete control of Poland
Attack Video
1940- Winston Churchill takes over as Prime Minister of GB
5. 1939- Stalin invades and annexes • Estonia• Latvia• Lithuania• Finland
6. April 1940 – Hitler Surprise invasion of • Denmark • Norway
7. Hitler’s Troops march into Paris via Belgium (June 14, 1940)
~ France Surrenders June 22nd
~Charles de Galle: Becomes leader of French gov’t in exile
TIMELINE 1936-1940
1936:1. Germany occupy
Rhineland2. Mussolini’s forces
take Ethiopia3. Civil War erupts in
Spain
1938:4. Germany unites with
Austria5. Germany occupies
Sudetenland
1939:1. Nazi’s take Czech2. Nonaggression Pact
(Germany/Soviet Union)
3. Nazi’s invade Poland4. GB & France
declare war on Germany
5. Soviet annexes surrounding countries
Britain Fights Alone
Hitler aims to defeat the famous British Navy he had to establish dominance in the air. He set up air
bases that conquered lands from France to Norway. Churchill had vowed to fight Germany and defend
Britain with every resource at his disposal. In a speech to parliament, he declared: “We shall not flag (tire) nor fail. We shall go on to the end.
We shall fight… on the seas and oceans; we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air. We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be’ we shall fight on the beaches, landing grounds, in fields, in streets, and on the hills. We shall never surrender”
Battle of Britain Begins
Summer 1940 Germany assembles invasion fleet along French coast
Germany’s Goal of Attack Gain TOTAL control of skies by destroying British
Royal Air Force (RAF)
EVERY NIGHT FOR TWO SOLID MONTH, BOMBERS POUNDED LONDON
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
German tactic: 1. Aim for British Air Fields2. Target Cities
RAF Tactic : Never give up Used new radar techniques
~One night: shot down 185 German planes while only losing 26 planes
After months Hitler called off British invasion indefinitelyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIh6j80mFqM
Selective Training and Service Act
Lend-lease act: allow U.S. to lead or lease supplies to countries fighting Axis powers
Hitler breaks Nonaggression Pact with Soviet Union—Invades Soviet Union
Video Footage
WWII in HD4:00- 21:53