World War II 1939-1942 Essential Question : What caused World War II?
World War II
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Transcript of World War II
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World War IIWorld War IIThe U.S. RoleThe U.S. Role
The End of the WarThe End of the WarOutcomesOutcomes
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Major Events andMajor Events andU.S. Role in WWIIU.S. Role in WWII
►German Invasion of PolandGerman Invasion of PolandBLITZKRIEG—”Lightning War”BLITZKRIEG—”Lightning War”September 1, 1939—this event marks the September 1, 1939—this event marks the beginning of WWII.beginning of WWII.
►Fall of FRANCEFall of FRANCEFrance surrendered on June 22, 1940—this France surrendered on June 22, 1940—this
victory left Germany in control of western victory left Germany in control of western and central Europeand central Europe
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FranceFrance►Fall of FRANCEFall of FRANCE(France surrendered on June (France surrendered on June
22, 1940)22, 1940)►Germany vs. France (& UK)Germany vs. France (& UK)►May 10, 1940 – June 22, May 10, 1940 – June 22,
19401940►AXIS VictoryAXIS Victory► Importance: Germans Importance: Germans
capture Paris, Britain capture Paris, Britain stands alone, left Germany stands alone, left Germany in control of western and in control of western and central Europecentral Europe
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Battle of BRITAINBattle of BRITAINAugust 1940-June 1941August 1940-June 1941 With the goal of invading Great Britain, Hitler With the goal of invading Great Britain, Hitler
bombed the country focusing first on the bombed the country focusing first on the southern coast and then on cities such as southern coast and then on cities such as London. London. This German offensive proved to This German offensive proved to be a failure. be a failure.
The British Prime The British Prime Minister during the Minister during the
Battle of Britain Battle of Britain was Winston was Winston
ChurchillChurchill..
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U.S. U.S. ►Lend-Lease Act (1941)Lend-Lease Act (1941)
America can sell, lend, or lease weapons and America can sell, lend, or lease weapons and suppliessupplies
For countries “vital to the defense of the For countries “vital to the defense of the United States”United States”
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German invasion of the SOVIET German invasion of the SOVIET UNIONUNION
►Hitler and Stalin had signed a Hitler and Stalin had signed a Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in August 1939. Pact in August 1939.
►Hitler surprised Stalin in June Hitler surprised Stalin in June 1941 when he violated this 1941 when he violated this pact and invaded the U.S.S.R. pact and invaded the U.S.S.R.
►Hitler wanted access to the Hitler wanted access to the raw materials of the Soviet raw materials of the Soviet Union, and he wanted to Union, and he wanted to crush communism in Europe. crush communism in Europe.
►Ultimately, this offensive was Ultimately, this offensive was a disastrous defeat for Hitler.a disastrous defeat for Hitler.
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Japanese attack on PEARL Japanese attack on PEARL HARBORHARBOR
► The U.S. tried to stop Japanese aggression in The U.S. tried to stop Japanese aggression in the Pacific after Japan seized French the Pacific after Japan seized French Indochina in 1940. Indochina in 1940.
► The U.S. angered the Japanese and hurt The U.S. angered the Japanese and hurt their plans to seize more lands in Asia and their plans to seize more lands in Asia and the Pacific by banning trade of war the Pacific by banning trade of war materials, such as iron, steel, or oil. materials, such as iron, steel, or oil.
►Militarists grew in power in Japan during this Militarists grew in power in Japan during this crisis and ordered a surprise attack on the crisis and ordered a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
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Pearl Harbor AttackPearl Harbor AttackDecember 7, 1941December 7, 1941
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Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941
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Cont’dCont’d►The attack took place on December 7, The attack took place on December 7,
1941, a “date which will live in infamy” 1941, a “date which will live in infamy” as U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt put it. put it.
►The U.S. declared war on Japan and a The U.S. declared war on Japan and a few days later Japan’s allies, Germany few days later Japan’s allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the U.S. and Italy, declared war on the U.S. The U.S. was officially at war.The U.S. was officially at war.
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Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March►Philippines, 1942Philippines, 1942► Japanese soldiers forced 78,000 Japanese soldiers forced 78,000
prisoners of war to march more than prisoners of war to march more than 55 miles55 miles
►Killed more than 600 Americans and Killed more than 600 Americans and over 10,000 Filipinosover 10,000 Filipinos
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D-DAY (Allied Invasion of D-DAY (Allied Invasion of Europe)Europe)
► June 6, 1944 at Normandy, FranceJune 6, 1944 at Normandy, France..
► This invasion This invasion opened up a second front in Europe.opened up a second front in Europe.
► The Allies were able to The Allies were able to liberate France by August liberate France by August 1944.1944.
►Germany was defeated. The war in Europe Germany was defeated. The war in Europe officially came to an end on officially came to an end on May 8, 1945—VE May 8, 1945—VE DayDay..
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D-Day Landing at NormandyD-Day Landing at NormandyJune 6, 1944June 6, 1944
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D-DayD-Day
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Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge►Winter 1944/1945Winter 1944/1945►Located in BelgiumLocated in Belgium►Last major German offensiveLast major German offensive►Allied VictoryAllied Victory
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VE Day (Victory in Europe)VE Day (Victory in Europe)►May 8, 1945May 8, 1945►Hitler died a few Hitler died a few
days earlierdays earlier►Unconditional Unconditional
surrender offered by surrender offered by the President of the President of GermanyGermany
►World War II IS World War II IS OVER IN EUROPE!OVER IN EUROPE!
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Island HoppingIsland Hopping►Allied strategy to defeat Japan:Allied strategy to defeat Japan: Focused on defeating poorly Focused on defeating poorly
defended islands first; chose islands that defended islands first; chose islands that would later aid in invading the Japanese would later aid in invading the Japanese mainlandmainland
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Iwo Jima and OkinawaIwo Jima and Okinawa►Feb. and April Feb. and April
19451945►Allied victoriesAllied victories►Set up for Set up for
invasion of Japaninvasion of Japan
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End of the WarEnd of the War►Japan continued to fight on with Japan continued to fight on with
fierce determination.fierce determination. More people (soldiers and civilians) died in the Battle of Okinawa than from the atomic bombs .
Casualties: Casualties: Almost 220,000 Almost 220,000 killedkilled--38,000 Americans --38,000 Americans wounded, 12,000 killed wounded, 12,000 killed or missing, or missing, --more than 107,000 --more than 107,000 Japanese and Okinawan Japanese and Okinawan soldiers killed, soldiers killed, --perhaps 100,000 --perhaps 100,000 Okinawan civilians killedOkinawan civilians killed
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The End of the WarThe End of the War►The Allies issued an The Allies issued an
ultimatum demanding the ultimatum demanding the Japanese surrender or face Japanese surrender or face complete and utter complete and utter destruction. The U.S. had destruction. The U.S. had successfully developed the successfully developed the world’s first world’s first atomic bomb atomic bomb (Robert Oppenheimer’s (Robert Oppenheimer’s Manhattan Project).Manhattan Project).
Robert Oppenheimer
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Atomic Bombs Dropped on Atomic Bombs Dropped on Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki
►On On August 6, 1945August 6, 1945, an American plane, , an American plane, the the Enola Gay,Enola Gay, dropped an atomic bomb dropped an atomic bomb on on HiroshimaHiroshima. (80,000 killed.) On . (80,000 killed.) On August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb was dropped on was dropped on NagasakiNagasaki. (40,000 . (40,000 killed) These bombs caused killed) These bombs caused unbelievable devastation and death.unbelievable devastation and death.
►The The Japanese surrendered on Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945, a day known as V-J September 2, 1945, a day known as V-J Day. WWII was over.Day. WWII was over.
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Atomic Bombing of HiroshimaAtomic Bombing of HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945August 6, 1945
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HiroshimaHiroshima
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HiroshimaHiroshima
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HiroshimaHiroshima
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V-J DayV-J Day►The Japanese The Japanese
surrendered surrendered on Sept. 2, on Sept. 2,
1945, 1945, a day a day
known as V-J known as V-J DayDay
General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito
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After the WarAfter the War►50 million people died in World War 50 million people died in World War
II.II.
► Europe was in ruins.Europe was in ruins.
►European powers lost their EMPIRES.European powers lost their EMPIRES.
►Countries such as India and Israel gained Countries such as India and Israel gained their independence in the aftermath of their independence in the aftermath of WWII.WWII.
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WAR CRIMES TRIALSWAR CRIMES TRIALSThe Allies had agreed to hold The Allies had agreed to hold
trials for trials for crimes against crimes against humanityhumanity that had been that had been committed during WWII. committed during WWII.
War Crimes trialsWar Crimes trials—of Nazi —of Nazi officers responsible for the officers responsible for the Holocaust, at Holocaust, at NurembergNuremberg (also spelled (also spelled NürnbergNürnberg), ), Germany in 1945.Germany in 1945.
Trials were also held in Italy Trials were also held in Italy and Japan.and Japan.
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Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference►Winston Churchill, Winston Churchill,
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin
► January 1945January 1945►Met in Russia at Yalta Met in Russia at Yalta
to make plans for end to make plans for end of warof war
►Agreed to divide Agreed to divide GermanyGermany
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U.S., Britain, U.S., Britain, France took France took
control of control of West West
GermanyGermany
USSR USSR controlled controlled
East East GermanyGermany
After the WarAfter the War
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Establishment of Establishment of SuperpowersSuperpowers
►A superpower is a nation that is very A superpower is a nation that is very strong (politically, economically, and strong (politically, economically, and militarily) and is able to use that militarily) and is able to use that power to influence other nations. power to influence other nations.
►The two superpowers were the U.S. The two superpowers were the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union).and the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union).
►Cold WarCold War (1945-91): (1945-91):--No direct fighting between US, USSR--No direct fighting between US, USSR--constant threat of nuclear war--constant threat of nuclear war
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Superpowers: Superpowers: Democracy vs. CommunismDemocracy vs. Communism
United States responded to communism United States responded to communism in East Germany within East Germany with
►Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine: the U.S. will do all : the U.S. will do all it can to fight communism. it can to fight communism.
►Marshall PlanMarshall Plan: U.S. gave $12 billion : U.S. gave $12 billion to help Europe rebuild after World War to help Europe rebuild after World War II. They did not want communists to II. They did not want communists to get control.get control.
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Division of Europe—IRON Division of Europe—IRON CURTAINCURTAIN
In 1946, In 1946, Winston Winston
Churchill said Churchill said it was like an it was like an “iron curtain” “iron curtain”
divided Europe divided Europe between free between free countries and countries and
communist communist countries.countries.
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International OrganizationsInternational Organizations►United NationsUnited Nations—formed after a —formed after a
conference at Potsdam, Germany, 1945conference at Potsdam, Germany, 1945
►NATONATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)—formed in 1949 to defend Western —formed in 1949 to defend Western EuropeEurope
►Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact—formed in 1955 to defend —formed in 1955 to defend communist countries in Eastern Europecommunist countries in Eastern Europe
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RECONSTRUCTION IN RECONSTRUCTION IN GERMANYGERMANY
►Democratic government was Democratic government was installed in West Germany and West installed in West Germany and West BERLIN.BERLIN.
►Emergence of WEST GERMANY as an Emergence of WEST GERMANY as an economic power in post-war Europeeconomic power in post-war Europe
►Konrad AdenauerKonrad Adenauer—West German —West German chancellor immediately after WWIIchancellor immediately after WWII
►Willy BrandtWilly Brandt—next chancellor after —next chancellor after AdenauerAdenauer
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Berlin WallBerlin Wall► Built by the Soviets by the Soviets►Nobody could travel Nobody could travel
between East and between East and West Berlin (1961).West Berlin (1961).
► Torn down in 1989.Torn down in 1989.► Soon after, East and Soon after, East and
West Germany West Germany joined.joined.
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RECONSTRUCTION IN JAPANRECONSTRUCTION IN JAPAN►After the war, After the war, Gen. MacArthurGen. MacArthur
became the Supreme Commander of became the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers (SCAP)Allied Powers (SCAP)
►He was more powerful than Japanese He was more powerful than Japanese emperor. emperor.
►Photo of MacArthur and Emperor Photo of MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito made Japanese people upset. Hirohito made Japanese people upset. They thought the emperor was a god.They thought the emperor was a god.
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U.S. Occupation of JapanU.S. Occupation of Japan►U.S. Army stayed U.S. Army stayed
in Japan 1945-in Japan 1945-1952. 1952.
►Japan faced Japan faced famine after WWIIfamine after WWII—MacArthur’s —MacArthur’s first job was food.first job was food.
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Democratic JapanDemocratic JapanJapan got a new Japan got a new
democratic democratic constitution. constitution. Also,Also,
►Public schoolsPublic schools►Women could Women could
vote.vote.►No secret policeNo secret police
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Independent JapanIndependent Japan► Japan became free Japan became free
in April 1952in April 1952►They agreed to They agreed to
support the U.S. in support the U.S. in the Korean War.the Korean War.
►They became the 3They became the 3rdrd largest economy in largest economy in the world. (Sony, the world. (Sony, Toyota, Honda, etc.)Toyota, Honda, etc.)