World War II:
description
Transcript of World War II:
![Page 1: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War II:
Part II: Allied Advance
![Page 2: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gradual gains for the allies
![Page 3: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
American Victories in the Pacific• The Allies Strike Back (April, 1942)
• U.S. bombers attack Tokyo• Shows that Japan is vulnerable (psychological move!)
![Page 4: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
American Victories in the Pacific• Battle of the Coral Sea: (May 1942)
• Air battle • Allied forces successfully halted the Japanese advance on Australia
![Page 6: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
American Victories in the Pacific• Significance:• For the first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese invasion had been stopped!
![Page 7: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
American Victories in the Pacific• Battle of Midway: (June 1942)
• Americans broke Japanese code; knew where they were headed…
• Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers & 332 planes
• The “avengement of Pearl Harbor”
![Page 8: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Turning point in the Pacific• Led to a new strategy for the Allies
American Victories in the Pacific
![Page 10: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Douglas MacArthur: American commander in the Pacific
• Plans to “Island hop” past strongholds & attack weaker Japanese islands to get closer to Japan
American Victories in the Pacific
![Page 11: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stalin’s Request• Starting in December 1941, Stalin kept asking the Allies to launch an invasion to open up a 2nd front in the West…Why?
• But Allies take their time…
![Page 14: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
War in the Desert: North Africa
![Page 15: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
North Africa• The German advance in North Africa was led by Erwin Rommel, the “Desert Fox”
• British surprise attack at El Alamein forces Rommel to retreat
![Page 16: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
North Africa• Americans land in 1942 under General Dwight D. Eisenhower
![Page 17: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
North Africa• Rommel’s Afrika Korps halted by British & American tanks
• By May 1943, the Allies defeat the Germans & control N. Africa
![Page 18: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Battle of Stalingrad
• Prolonged German offensive to take industrial city
• Initially, Germany gained control of 90% of the city
• However…the Germans had severely underestimated the Russian winter!
![Page 19: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Battle of Stalingrad • Neither Stalin nor Hitler would allow troops to retreat
• Russian forces were able to launch a counteroffensive & encircled the German army
• Cut off supply lines & forced their surrender! (Soviets start pushing west!)
![Page 20: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Stalin’s Request• Stalin is still waiting for an invasion of France…but FDR & Churchill decide to attack Italy first!
![Page 22: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Allied invasion of Italy• July 1943: The Allies launched an invasion of Sicily from North Africa (capture it from Italians /Germans)
![Page 23: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Allied invasion of Italy• Mussolini was arrested by the Italian government
• Sept 3 Italy surrenders but Hitler sends in troops, controls Northern Italy and puts Mussolini back in charge
![Page 24: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Allied invasion of Italy• By June 1944: Allies enter Rome
• Germans keep fighting in N. Italy until war is over
• Italian fighters find Mussolini – shoot him & hang his body
![Page 26: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The End of the War
![Page 27: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
D-Day• June 6, 1944:• Allied forces
launched a surprise invasion of German -occupied France at Normandy (Operation Overlord)
![Page 29: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
D-Day• Largest land-
sea-air attack in history
• Heavy casualties, but invasion is successful
![Page 30: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
D-Day
• Within a month, over 3 million Allied troops were stationed in Europe
![Page 31: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
D-Day• Allies quickly liberate France:
August 25, 1944 & begin to make their way across Europe
![Page 32: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
D-Day• While the U.S. & Great Britain
were pushing west, Russian troops advanced into eastern Europe and Germany
• Liberated death camps
![Page 33: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Battle of the Bulge• The Battle of the Bulge: (winter 1944-45)
• A desperate Hitler ordered one last offensive as Allies close in on both sides
• German failure! Germans retreat!
![Page 34: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Meanwhile…
![Page 35: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Meanwhile…• Yalta Conference (February 4, 1945)
• The BIG THREE:• Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin
• Meet to discuss terms of German surrender
![Page 36: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Stalin also agreed to join in the war against Japan within 90 days of Germany’s defeat
Meanwhile…
![Page 37: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Meanwhile…• U.S.
President FDR dies on April 12, 1945
• Replaced by Harry Truman
![Page 38: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Victory in Europe• By spring of 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from both sides: Soviets from the East, Americans, etc…from the West
![Page 39: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Victory in Europe
• Soviets finally surround Berlin in April 1945
• Hitler commits suicide with Eva Braun (April 30, 1945)
![Page 40: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Victory in Europe• One week later on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day) the Germans surrendered
• War in Europe is over!!
![Page 41: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Victory in Japan• Allies move to retake Philippines in 1944
• Face kamikazes: Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions
![Page 43: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Victory in Japan
• 1945: Americans capture Iwo Jima & Okinawa
• Japan suffers huge casualties
![Page 44: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Victory in Japan• Advisors warn Truman invasion of Japan will cost many lives
• Manhattan Project: secret program to develop the atomic bomb
• Will he use it??
![Page 45: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hiroshima/Nagasaki
![Page 46: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• August 6, 1945:• Little Boy, Hiroshima, 180,000 deaths
• August 9, 1945:• Fat Man, Nagasaki, 80,000 deaths
• August 14, 1945:• Surrender of Japan (V-J Day)
Hiroshima/Nagasaki
![Page 47: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Aftermath
![Page 50: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Europe• Allies divide
Germany & Berlin into four zones of military occupation
• Would be occupied by the US, Soviet Union, Great Britain & France
• Helps start the Cold War
![Page 51: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Europe• Nuremburg Trials are
held in Germany to try the people responsible for the war
• Many are executed and jailed for war crimes & crimes against humanity
![Page 52: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Japan• General MacArthur
takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan
• Demilitarizes Japan & brings military leaders to trial for war crimes
![Page 53: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Japan• Democratizes
(creates a gov’t elected by people)
• Japanese people adopt new constitution–Emperor stays, but loses power–Japan becomes a constitutional monarchy
–Article 9 – Japan cannot make war
![Page 54: World War II:](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081512/568165ac550346895dd8968d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Japan• MacArthur puts economic
reforms in place• U.S. occupation ends in 1951• U.S. & Japan become allies!