World War II
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World War II Unit 8A, Lesson 2
description
World War II. America Returns to Isolationism & Rise of Fascists/Dictatorships. 1921 – Washington Naval Conference. Hosted by Pres. Harding Leading nations agreed to limit the size of their navies. 1928 - Kellog -Briand Pact. Signed by 62 nations Renounced use of war. 1930’s. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of World War II
World War II
Unit 8A, Lesson 2
FascismNazismLebensraumMein Kampf
AppeasementNonaggression PactHolocaustAryans (definition
#2)
Unit 8A, Lesson 2 Vocabulary (pg 188-189)
China Before WWII
1912 - Sun Yixian, leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) led a revolt that overthrew the Qing Dynasty. Yuan became the first president of the Chinese Republic.
China
1915 – Yuan made himself emperor.
China
1916 – Yuan died and civil war broke out. Sun could not reorganize the Kuomintang.
China
1920s – The Communist Party was formed. Sun allied with them.
China
1925 – Sun died and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) became the leader of the Kuomintang.
China
1927 – Chiang Kai-shek forced the Communists into hiding.
China
1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of China
China
1931 – Japan invaded Manchuria. They wanted to gain a mainland empire for access to resources.
China
1934 – Communists began the Long March (retreat to the north) and Mao Zedong arose as the top Communist leader.
China
1937 – Japan began a full-scale invasion of China.
China
Rise of Fascists
1922 - The king of Italy let Benito Mussolini lead the government.
Mussolini used thugs to threaten his political opponents.
He abolished democracy.1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia.
Italy
Nazism = German fascism.1933 – Adolf Hitler became
Germany’s leader.1936 – Hitler formed an
alliance with Mussolini and Japan.
Germany
1936 – General Francisco Franco led a revolution.
Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin sent aid.
1939 – Franco became the Fascist dictator.
Spain
Timeline of WWII Events
Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill
France – Charles de GaulleUSSR – Joseph StalinU.S. – Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman
Allies
Germany – Adolf HitlerItaly – Benito MussoliniJapan – Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister
Hideki Tojo
Axis
Germany took over most of Czechoslovakia.
March 15, 1939
Alliance formed by Hitler and Mussolini
May 1939 – Pact of Steel
Signed by Hitler and Stalin
August, 1939 – Nonaggression Pact
Germany invaded Poland.Britain and France declare war.Germany defeated Poland in a 4 week
blitzkrieg (lightning war)Used the Luftwaffe and panzers
September, 1939 – WWII Started
Germany invaded Denmark and Norway
April 1940
Germany defeated Holland, Luxembourg, and Belgium (in two weeks).
Allies were pushed to the coast of Dunkirk (France)
May 1940
“Miracle of Dunkirk” – 350,000 solders were evacuated across the English
Channel
French surrendered when Germany advanced past the Maginot Line (France’s main defense)
June 1940
Germany bombed British cities.The Royal Air Force (RAF) fought off the
German Luftwaffe for a year.
Summer 1940 – Battle of Britain
Hitler sent Gen. Rommel (The “Desert Fox”) to aid Mussolini in North Africa.
Spring 1941
Lend-Lease Act signed with U.S.
March 1941
Germany took over Yugoslavia and Greece
April 1941
Hitler invaded the USSRGerman advances were
stopped in December when temperatures fell to -40 degrees F
June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa
Dec. 7, 1941 - Pearl HarborJapan attacked the U.S. naval base in HawaiiJapan also attacked Guam, Wake Isl., and
Philippines.
May 1942 - Battle of the Coral SeaFought entirely in the airAllies saved Australia
June 1942 - Battle of MidwayTide of war turned
against Japan.Adm. Nimitz led AlliesJapan lost many of their
best pilots.
Aug. 1942 - GuadalcanalGen. Douglas MacArthur ordered the U.S. to
attack the island where the Japanese were building an airbase.
Germans tried to take the Suez Canal.First major British victory against Germany.
Oct-Nov 1942 – El Alamein, Egypt
Churchill and Roosevelt agreed they would accept only an unconditional surrender.
Jan. 1943 – Casablanca Conference
Germany surrendered at Stalingrad (USSR)
February 1943
May 1943
Germans were forced out of Africa by British Gen. Montgomery and American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
August 1943Allies captured
Sicily and drove Mussolini from power.
June 1944D-DayAllies invaded the coast of Normandy.Largest amphibious invasion in World history.
August 1944Gen. Patton used a blitzkrieg
to break through German lines, then swept across northern France.
Oct. 1944 - Leyte GulfFought in the Philippines.Largest naval battle in world history.U.S. crushed the Japanese Navy.
Nov. 1944 – June 1945 –Iwo Jima & OkinawaLast obstacles to invading mainland Japan.“Uncommon valor was a common virtue.”
Dec. 1944Battle of the BulgeGen. Patton and Gen. Omar N. Bradley led an
offensive attack on the German border and within weeks pushed back the Germans.
Bradley, Eisenhower, and Patton
Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt met to discuss the future of Europe.
Feb. 1945 – Yalta Conference
USAF firebombed Dresden and Tokyo (Japan)
Feb. & March 1945
March 1945Gen. Bradley led troops toward Berlin from
the west
April 1945Soviet troops pushed into Berlin and took
over the city.April 30 – Hitler committed suicide in his
underground bunker in Berlin.
May 1945V-E Day celebrated by the Allies.Japan still had to be defeated before the war
could end.
Victory in the Pacific
Aug., 1945U.S. President Truman chose to drop an
atomic bomb on Japan to prevent more casualties in an invasion.
Aug. 6th – 1st A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima.Aug. 9th – 2nd A-bomb was dropped on
Nagasaki.Aug. 14th – Japanese government
surrendered.Aug. 15th – V-J Day celebrated by Allies.
Japan had planned to attack the Panama Canal since it was a trade center for the Allies – the war ended before the attack.
Causes of the Cold War
Germany would be divided into 4 zones controlled by US, USSR, UK, France.
Democracy would be established throughout Europe.
But, Stalin did NOT allow elections in Eastern Europe.
Yalta Conference
Communist/Soviet satellite nations – Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania
Germany was divided into 2 sections – East Germany was communist
Churchill said “…an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”
The Iron Curtain
Policy to prevent spread of communismTruman Doctrine (1947) – US aid to
Turkey and Greece to prevent communismMarshall Plan (1947) – aid to Western
Europe for economic recovery and to prevent communism
Berlin Airlift (1948) – Soviets closed off Berlin to the West; Allies drop food and medicine and the blockade is removed
Containment
