The Coming of the War 1931-1942

Pearl Harbor/”a date which will live in infamy”- US naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan on Dec. 7, 1941; it brought the US into war and ended the Great Depression at home; FDR stated that Dec. 7th would always be remembered

WACS Women’s Army Corps were created to provide defense workers, instructors, lab techs. More than 150,000 women volunteered, 600 received medals and 57,000 nurses served during WWII.

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial

2,887 Americans 2,887 Americans Dead!Dead!

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941

A date which will live in infamy!

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of WarPresident Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

BATAAN DEATH MARCH

Bataan Death March and General MacArthur- 78,000 US and Filipino forces in the Philippines led

by MacArthur surrendered to the Japanese; the prisoners were forced on a 60 mile death march

with no food or water; 10,000 soldiers died on the march; MacArthur was rescued from the island and promised “I shall return”

DOOLITTLE RAIDS

DooLittle Raids James DooLittle led a raid of 16 B-25s bombers to attack Tokoyo. They killed 50 Japanese and damaged over 100 buildings.

To maintain the United States as an “arsenal for democracy” in World War II,

Congress passed the —A Dawes Act.B Lend-Lease Act.C Open Door Policy.D Good Neighbor Policy.

Which of the following events had the GREATEST influence on the United States’

entry into World War II?A Adolf Hitler invaded Poland.B Germany sank the Lusitania.C Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.D General MacArthur was captured in

the Philippine Islands.  

Which of the following is true of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940,

commonly referred to as the military draft?

A It required both men and women to register for military service.

B It required able-bodied men between the ages of 15 and 65 to register.

C It mandated military service for all high-school dropouts.

D It was enacted during a period when the United States was at peace.

Battle of Midway- important naval battle b/t the US and Japan; the US won and it is considered the “turning point” in the war in the Pacific

Battle of the Coral Sea-the USA sent USS Lexington and USS Yorktown to stop Japan from taking over Australia. It was a pacific theatre, island hopping halt. Many call it a strategic draw but it forced Japan to call off their attack.

SATURATION BOMBING

When British planes dropped massive amounts of bombs on Germany during World War II.

The goal of saturation bombing was to inflict major damage.

STRATEGIC BOMBING

American military and bombing missions focused heavily on Japanese industrial and political areas.

Tuskegee Airmen were a squadron of African-American fighter pilots. They led 1500 missions and did not loose a bomber. Major effort for civil rights.

 During World War II, industrialists in the

United States contributed to the war effort

by —A increasing the salaries of child laborers.B converting factories into military hospitals.C building houses for the families of soldiers.D making weapons instead of consumer

goods.

WOMEN & LABOR

Many women went to work.

Rosie the Riveter- symbol of the working woman in WWII; encouraged women to get a job to support the war effort; said “We Can Do It”

AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND LABOR Out of 100,00o labor

workers, only 240 wee African-Americans.

A. Philip Randolph asserted African Americans did not want 2nd class citizenship. He started the Double V Campaign.

Executive Order 8802 created the Fair Employment Practices Commission to address hiring.

JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS

Internment of Japanese-Americans- FDR signed an act to “intern” or round-up thousands of Japanese-Americans

that lived on the west coast and send them to “relocation centers” in the interior of the US; we worried that they might be spies for the Japanese

INTERNMENT

Temporary imprisonment Niesi—slang for Japanese

Americans 442nd combat team- an

all volunteer regiment made up of Jap-Am soldiers; won more Congressional Medals and other medals than any other regiment; trained at Camp Shelby, MS

$42 billion to $289 in 6 yearsSold war bondsProduction increased Income taxes raised

war bonds- Americans would loan the govt money for the war effort with the promise to be repaid plus

interest; made Americans feel like they were contributing in the war effort

rationing- when the govt. rationed goods to ensure that essential items were available for the soldiers; also

began to prevent inflation (ex. Tires for the rubber; nylon pantyhose for parachutes, etc.)

Technology in WWII- radar detected airplanes, sonar detected ships and submarines, atomic bomb was used to end the war

Island Hopping Campaigns

D-Day liberation of France from German control

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Higgins Landing Higgins Landing CraftsCrafts

German German PrisonersPrisoners

Albert Einstein advised FDR to make the development of bomb “secret”. He was a major scientist in the development.

Manhatten Project was the code name given to the development of the bomb.

Robert Oppenheimer developed the construction of the bomb.

August 6, 1945 American troops

drop bombs on Hiroshima

August 9, 1945 the USSR invaded Japan and USA bombed Nagasaki.

Japan surrendered.

Holocaust 12m Jews and

others killed Anti-semitism Nuremberg Laws Genocide Concentration

Camps War Refugee

Board

Japan surrenders!

Reasons Truman used the a-bomb- 1) to end the war, 2) to save American (and Japanese) lives, 3) to avoid an

invasion of mainland Japan, 4) to intimidate the Soviet Union, 5) for revenge at Pearl Harbor, 6) the

Japanese would not surrender and it was the only alternative left

VJ Day- “Victory in Japan”; Japan surrenders on Sept. 2, 45

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

Italian leader

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

The FThe Füührer’s hrer’s BunkerBunker

Cyanide & PistolsCyanide & Pistols

Mr. & Mrs. HitlerMr. & Mrs. Hitler

NewFederalpolitician

The campaigns at Iwo Jima and Okinawa wiped out any lingering doubts that the Japanese would resist invaders to the last breath.

On July 26, 1945, three weeks after the re-conquest of the Philippines, Allied leaders assembled at Potsdam sent an ultimatum to the enemy: “The alternative to surrender is prompt and utter destruction.”

On August 6 the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare was dropped on Hiroshima.

Russia declared war on August 8 and overran the Japanese forces in Manchuria. On August 9, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.

Island hopping strategy- the Allies would only try to recapture those islands that would help them launch an invasion of mainland Japan

Navajo Code Talkers- Navajo Indians were used as code talkers and helped the Allies communicate without fear of having our messages translated; the code-talkers were kept classified until the 1980’s in

case we needed to use them again

Postwar Germany?Eastern Europe, especially

Poland?United Nations?Japan?

Zones of OccupationReparationsWar Crimes Tribunal

“unconditional surrender”

OR

“”utter destruction”

In order to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific during World War II, the United States used

which of the following military tactics?

A BlitzkriegB GenocideC Trench warfareD Island-hopping

The federal government raised money for World War II efforts in all of the

following ways EXCEPT —A selling war bonds.B defaulting on reparations

payments.C raising personal income taxes.D borrowing funds.

Which of the following contributed MOST to President Truman's decision to use

the atomic bomb against Japan? A The belief that an invasion of Japan

would cause massive United States casualties

B The desire to retaliate against Japanese kamikaze bombers

C The need to conserve troops for the war effort in Europe

D The desire to demonstrate United States technological superiority

The MAIN justification for the internment of Japanese Americans after the

bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 was to —

A protect them from anti-Japanese riots and demonstrations.

B preserve the security of the United States. C adhere to the Open Door Policy. D prevent leaks about the development of

the atomic bomb.

Yalta Conference- Feb. 45; meeting b/t Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill; discussed how to divide Germany among the Allies when the war was over; also included the promise by Stalin to help the US fight Japan and to hold free elections in countries they now occupied; Stalin broke this promise which

led to the Cold War

The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT)was a treaty designed in 1948 to reduce tariffs and expand world trade. GATT was created to develop financial stability around the world.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights was established. It condemned slavery and torture, upheld freedom of speech and stated that everyone was entitled to a reasonable standard of living.

Nuremberg Trials for war crimes

Civil Rights Truman desegregates the military.

The United Nations is made up of six main bodies, one of which is the Security

Council. At the time of its founding, five nations—China, France, Great Britain,

the Soviet Union, and the United States—were permanent members of the Security

Council. What did these five permanent members of the Security Council have in

common? A They were all communist nations. B They were all Axis powers during World War

II. C They were all gold-standard countries. D They were all Allied powers during World

War II.