World War I A World Divided. Causes Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances.
World War I · world war i origins • allies: france, britain, russia • central powers: germany,...
Transcript of World War I · world war i origins • allies: france, britain, russia • central powers: germany,...
WORLD WAR I ORIGINS•ALLIES: FRANCE, BRITAIN, RUSSIA
•CENTRAL POWERS: GERMANY, AUSTRIA
•FOUR MAIN CAUSES•MILITARISM – ARMY/NAVY BUILD-UP• ALLIANCES – COMMON DEFENSE GUARANTEES• IMPERIALISM – COMPETITION FOR LANDS• NATIONALISM – OVERDEVELOPED PRIDE
•WWI BEGAN IN EUROPE IN 1914 AND PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON VOWED TO KEEP AMERICA NEUTRAL
•WHY WOULD WOODROW WILSON’S AMERICA WANT TO STAY NEUTRAL? 15a
MAIN CAUSES OF WWI
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WHO’S IN AND WHO’S OUT
ALLIANCE
• SERBIA
• RUSSIA
• FRANCE
•GREAT BRITAIN
• UNITED STATES
CENTRAL POWERS
• AUSTRIA HUNGARY
•GERMANY
• ITALY (KINDA)
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AMERICA ENDS NEUTRALITY• IN 1915, THE LUSITANIA WAS SUNK BY GERMAN U-BOATS
• AMERICA DEMANDED AN END TO UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE
WARFARE THAT ENDANGERED OUR NEUTRAL RIGHTS, LIVES, AND
TRADE
• IN 1917, THE GERMAN ZIMMERMAN NOTE TO MEXICO
ENRAGED AMERICANS
• IN 1917, RUSSIA’S COMMUNIST REVOLUTION PULLED THEM
OUT OF THE WAR
•WHY WOULD RUSSIA’S PULL-OUT PUSH AMERICA INTO WWI?15a
SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA ZIMMERMAN NOTE
GREAT MIGRATION•WWI CREATED LOTS OF INDUSTRIAL JOBS IN THE CITIES OF
THE NE AND MW
•AFRICAN AMERICANS MOVED NORTH BY THE THOUSANDS
•WHY WOULD AFRICAN AMERICANS BE EAGER TO LEAVE THE
SOUTH?
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GREAT MIGRATION• BEFORE • DURING
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GREAT MIGRATION• AFTER
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THE GREAT MIGRATION
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ESPIONAGE & SEDITION ACTS• FEAR OF DANGERS AMONGST US LED THE GOVERNMENT TO PASS
THESE ACTS IN 1917
• COMMUNICATING ANY INFO THAT WOULD INTERFERE WITH
MILITARY OPERATIONS OR HELP OUR ENEMIES WOULD BE A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE
•WHAT MIGHT BE CONSTITUTIONALLY PROBLEMATIC ABOUT THESE
WARTIME LAWS?
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ESPIONAGE ACT
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EUGENE V. DEBS
• LABOR UNION LEADER (PULLMAN STRIKE!) AND SOCIALIST
PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN 1904, 1908, 1912
•GAVE A SPEECH PROTESTING MILITARY RECRUITMENT TACTICS
AND GOT TEN YEARS IN JAIL
•WHEN ELSE HAVE WE SEEN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TAKEN
AWAY DURING AN AMERICAN WAR?
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FOURTEEN POINTS•AMERICA HAD PUT THE ALLIES OVER THE TOP TO WIN WWI IN JUST
OVER ONE YEAR OF FIGHTING
•PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON HAD A PLAN TO AVOID FUTURE WARS AND AS THE WAR CAME TO AN END HE STARTED TO PUSH IT AT HOME AND ABROAD• #1: OPEN DIPLOMACY• #2: FREEDOM OF THE SEAS• #3: EQUAL ACCESS TO TRADE• #4: DISARMAMENT• #5: NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION• #14: INTERNATIONAL PEACE-KEEPING GROUP
•WHY DOES WILSON THINK HE GETS SUCH A VOICE IN THE POST-WAR TREATY-MAKING PROCESS? 15c
WILSON’S 14 POINTS• 1. NO MORE SECRET AGREEMENTS ("OPEN COVENANTS OPENLY
ARRIVED AT").
• 2. FREE NAVIGATION OF ALL SEAS.
• 3. AN END TO ALL ECONOMIC BARRIERS BETWEEN COUNTRIES.
• 4. COUNTRIES TO REDUCE WEAPON NUMBERS.
• 5. ALL DECISIONS REGARDING THE COLONIES SHOULD BE
IMPARTIAL
• 6. THE GERMAN ARMY IS TO BE REMOVED FROM RUSSIA.
RUSSIA SHOULD BE LEFT TO DEVELOP HER OWN POLITICAL SET-
UP.
• 7. BELGIUM SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT LIKE BEFORE THE WAR.
• 8. FRANCE SHOULD BE FULLY LIBERATED AND ALLOWED TO
RECOVER ALSACE-LORRAINE
• 9. ALL ITALIANS ARE TO BE ALLOWED TO LIVE IN ITALY. ITALY'S
BORDERS ARE TO "ALONG CLEARLY RECOGNIZABLE LINES OF
NATIONALITY."
• 10. SELF-DETERMINATION SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOR ALL THOSE
LIVING IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
• 11. SELF-DETERMINATION AND GUARANTEES OF INDEPENDENCE
SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOR THE BALKAN STATES.
• 12. THE TURKISH PEOPLE SHOULD BE GOVERNED BY THE
TURKISH GOVERNMENT. NON-TURKS IN THE OLD TURKISH
EMPIRE SHOULD GOVERN THEMSELVES.
• 13. AN INDEPENDENT POLAND SHOULD BE CREATED WHICH
SHOULD HAVE ACCESS TO THE SEA.
• 14. A LEAGUE OF NATIONS SHOULD BE SET UP TO GUARANTEE
THE POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL INDEPENDENCE OF ALL
STATES.
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WOODROW WILSON
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LEAGUE OF NATIONS•WILSON’S 14TH POINT WAS THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL – AND
UNPOPULAR AT HOME
• ISOLATIONISTS IN AMERICA FEARED THE LEAGUE
• THE SENATE REFUSED TO RATIFY THE TREATY INCLUDING THE
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
•WILSON CAMPAIGNED HEAVILY ACROSS THE COUNTRY FOR THE
LEAGUE, BUT THE US NEVER BOUGHT INTO THE INTERNATIONAL
PEACE-KEEPING GROUP
•WHY WOULD ISOLATIONISTS FEAR JOINING THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS? 15c
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
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CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING
(1) WHAT WERE THE FOUR MAIN CAUSES OF WWI?
(2) WHY DID AMERICA ENTER WWI?
(3) HOW DID WWI CHANGE AFRICAN AMERICAN LIVES?
(4) HOW DID WWI CHANGE WOMEN’S LIVES?
(5) WHY WAS THE ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACT VIEWED AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL?
(6) WHAT RULE DID EUGENE DEBS BREAK?
(7) WHAT WAS WOODROW WILSON’S 14TH POINT GOING TO CREATE?
(8) WHY WOULD ISOLATIONIST FEAR JOINING THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS?
ISOLATIONISM• AFTER WWI WAS OVER AND WILSON LEFT THE PRESIDENCY,
AMERICA CRAVED A RETURN TO NORMALCY IN THE 1920S
• FOR MANY, THIS MEANT A REJECTION OF EXTERNAL POLITICAL
TRENDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND MORE OF A FOCUS ON
DOMESTIC ISSUES
• IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT WWI KILLED PROGRESSIVISM IN THE
US…IF SO, WHAT SHOULD WE EXPECT OF GOVERNMENT IN THE
1920S?
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