World War I

Deep attachments to one’s

own nation helped unify the

people and helped create

competition

Nationalism

Nations seeking economic growth and expansion

Establish and expand global empires

Imperialism

Strong competition for control

of area

Austria-Hungary annexed

Bosnia-Herzegovinia

Balkan Wars

Build-up of military forces

among nations

Strong military competition

Militarism

Hardening of alliance systems

Triple Alliance—

Triple Entente—

Russia was traditionally

Serbia’s protector

Alliances

Triple Alliance

Germany

Italy

Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente

Great Britain

Russia

France

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to

Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife,

Killed June 28, 1914 in

Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand member, Gavrilo Princip

Assassination

Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia;

Serbia partially agreed July 25

Summer of 1914

Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28

Austria declared war on Serbia July 28

Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30

Germany pledged to support Austria

Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1

France allied with Russia

Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3

Germany declared war on France Aug 3

Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4

World War I Begins………..

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium,

US, Japan, Montenegro, Italy

The Battles Begin

Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan drawn up in 1905 called for invasion of neutral Belgium assumed slow Russian mobilization allow for quick defeat of French

Problems with Schlieffen Plan

Invaded heavily fortified area of Belgium

Great Britain involved after invasion

Encountered strong resistance

Russian army mobilized quickly

Split Germany forces in East

Downfall of Schlieffen Plan

France attacked Germans in Alsace-Lorraine

Caused delay in German advance Battle of Marne caused German retreat

Signaled abandonment of Schlieffen Plan Realized war would not end quickly

Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegram

Sinking of 4 US merchant ships

US declares war on Germany

April 6, 1917

US entry into World War I

Modern War Submarine warfare

Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping Rapid fire machine guns

Led to trench warfare Trench warfare

Thousands of miles of ditches for protection Tanks

Designed to break through barbed wire Airplanes

Primary function—to observe enemy activities Poison gas

Introduced by Germans to help break stalemates

The Home Front

Selective Service – 2.8 million drafted

War Industries Board – coordinate production of war materials

Daylight savings time Bonds – Liberty and Victory

Women’s Roles

Women Fill jobs in factories Military service

• Allowed to enlist in Navy• Fill temporary jobs in Army• Army nurses were only military women allowed to

go overseas

African Americans

Served in segregated units in military “Great Migration”

Movement from South to North to fill factory jobs

Web of War

SerbiaAustria-Hungary

Germany Russia

France

Treaty

Declared war on

Treaty

Treaty

Declared war on

Declared war on

FranceGermany

United States

Great Britain

Italy

Declared war on

Treaty

Declared war on

Belgium

Japan

De

cla

red

wa

r o

n

Dec

lare

d w

ar o

n

invades

Treaty

Military agreement

Australia

Canada

India

New Zealand

Union of S.Africa

Colonial

Territories

Allied after start o

f war

1917 Russia pulls out• Closing Eastern front• American troops arrive

1918 Allies launch Meuse-Argonne Offensive

• Final assault Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Germany surrenders

War ends 11th Hour of 11th Day of 11th Month 1918

Treaty of Versailles “Big Four” : United States, Great Britain,

France, Italy

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsPlan for peace after warLeague of Nations

•General association of nationsHelp preserve peaceHelp prevent future wars

Treaty of Versailles….cont’d

Congress never signed Treaty of Versailles US never member of League of Nations

Germany’s punishment Accept blame for causing war Reduce military Pay war reparations

Effects of WWI on US Developments in

War War-torn

economies of Europe

Russian Revolution Industrial demand

of wartime Sacrifices of

wartime; disappointment with Versailles Peace Treaty

Effects on US Boom in US

economy; emergence of US as world industrial leader

“Red Scare” in postwar US; suspicion of immigrants

Internal migration in US, especially African Americans to Northern cities

Failure to join League of Nations

The End