World War I: The War At Home
description
Transcript of World War I: The War At Home
World War I: The War At Home1914-1920
Mobilizing Workers 100s of 1,000s of men drafted & immigration slowed= labor shortage Unionized workers went on strike
Demanded higher wages & benefits (nearly 4,500 strikes w/ more than a million workers in 1917)
Conditions improved throughout the war
Mobilizing Workers Pres. Wilson established the National War Labor Board
Settled disputes between workers & employers, in favor of labor most of the time
Union membership grew Labor shortage strengthened unions & change
Organizer Labor # of women working grew (mechanics, bricklayers, metalworkers,
railroad engineers, truck drivers) Considered it their patriotic duty Planned wartime mobilization, sat on agency’s that organized support
Produced 1 important political change= 19th Amendment
Volunteerism Patriotism swept the country
Conserved, recycled, planted Juliette Low- Girl Scouts nationwide
Worked directly w/ Food Admin.
Great Migration North Job opportunities & higher wages= important pop shift
Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North, 1915-1930
Escaped discrimination, difficult living & working conditions
Great Migration North Better standard of living, but racial violence cont. 7/2/1917- East St. Louis- wartime incident= white rioters in black
neighborhoods, 39 dead
Influencing Attitudes Wilson wanted support for the war Committee on Public Info
Propaganda to encourage ppl Pamphlets warning citizens German spies
Influencing Attitudes Hollywood joined in Patriotic organizations formed to identify “spies & traitors” German citizens suffered Americanization
Suppressing Opposition Opposition=Traitors- experienced violence Socialist Party- nations were using working ppl as tools in a
capitalist struggle for control of world markets
Suppressing Opposition Congress passed= Espionage Act & Sedition Act
Crime to speak/write any criticism the gov’t/war/draft
Suppressing Opposition Many believed this violated the 1st Amendment
Supreme Court disagreed= Schenck v. United States Wartime permits greater restrictions on free speech
Quick Review How did organized labor and women benefit economically and
politically from the war effort?
How did the average individual volunteer to help in the war effort and how did Juliette Low contribute?
Explain the reasons for the Great Migration and the aftermath?
What did the government do to rally support for the war?
What did the government do to suppress the opposition to the war?
Activity: Pro-War Propaganda Partners Create a pamphlet or a poster that would have been used in
the U.S. to promote the war and/or discourage opposition towards the war.