WORLD WAR I Part II Standard 7. WAR TECHNOLOGY & WEAPONS WWI was incredibly deadly due to new...
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Transcript of WORLD WAR I Part II Standard 7. WAR TECHNOLOGY & WEAPONS WWI was incredibly deadly due to new...
WORLD WAR IPart II
Standard 7
WAR TECHNOLOGY & WEAPONS WWI was incredibly deadly due to new fighting
technology: Machine Guns - used sparingly in the Civil War, 1st widespread
use in WWI Poison Gas - Deadly in the trenches; led to gas bombs/gas masks
NEW WAR TECHNOLOGY Tanks - Used to break through “No Man’s Land”, secure
cities Air War - Evolved from reconnaissance to bombings to
airborne dogfighting Manfred von Richthofen (The Red Baron) – Germany’s most
successful WWI fighter pilot (100+ kills)
UNCONDITIONAL SUBMARINE WARFARE• Submarines - Used exclusively by the Germans (U-boats) to sink Allied shipping• Germans fired on & sunk all ships in the North Atlantic
• Attempted to keep US and others from supplying Britain with war materials• Sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania in May 1915 killed over 1,000 passengers,
including more than 100 Americans
US JOINS WWI• Anger over Lusitania attack pushed some
Americans toward WWI• Zimmermann Note – Telegram
intercepted attempting to push Mexico to attack US in exchange for German help regaining western US lands• US Declared War & joined Allies April 6,
1917
US EMBRACES WAR CAUSE• US quickly increased war production, mobilized forces for WWI
fight• Sold War Bonds to raise $ for fighting• Began draft to increase size of military from 370,000 to 4.8 Million• Women served as military nurses & went to work in factories• Used propaganda to increase support for US involvement (“Over There”)
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION• Russian support for WWI
fell quickly due to high casualties (2+ Million dead 1914-1916) and lack of supplies• Food & fuel shortages for
citizens, bread lines to receive food• Grigory Rasputin influences
the Czar and Czarina too much
Revolution Cont.
• Soviet clubs push for government reform, end to war• Vladimir Lenin led overthrow of
government• Russian Tsar Nicholas II and family were
murdered• New Communist government set up
• March 1918 - Lenin’s government negotiated Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, withdrawing from WWI and ceding territory to Germany
Armistice• Germans tried to mount a final offensive in
1917-18, but Allied counterattacks pushed them back into Germany• Angry Germans (who had been blockaded by
the British and had no food) revolted & Kaiser William II was forced to step down• Armistice (cease fire) was called on Nov. 11,
1918• Parties met in Paris to discuss the final peace
treaty• Known as the Paris Peace Conference
Big Three
• The Big Three • Prime Minister of France (George Clemenceau• President of the U.S. (Woodrow Wilson)• Prime Minister of Britain (David Lloyd George)
President Wilson• Woodrow Wilson seeks treaty to address causes
of war• Proposes “14 Points” to lessen chance of war in
the future:• Arm Limitations for all nations• Open Alliances• Freedom of the Seas• Self-Determination for nations
• Wilson’s proposals are rejected by France & Britain
TREATY OF VERSAILLES Final peace treaty forced on Central powers contained very harsh
punishments: War Guilt Clause - Germany was blamed for starting the war Reparations – Germany had to pay for war damages ($2.7 trillion in
modern $) Arms Limitations – No Air force, No Submarines, Small Army Germany stripped of Alsace & Lorraine (rich in resources for
industrialization) The League of Nations was created to settle international disputes
Angry at Treaty, U.S. refused to join