World War IWorld War I

Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23

Deep attachments to one’s

own nation helped unify the

people and helped create

competition

Nationalism

Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46

Nations seeking economic growth and expansion

Establish and expand global empires

Imperialism

Strong competition for control

of area

Austria-Hungary annexed

Bosnia-Herzegovinia

Balkan Wars

Build-up of military forces

among nations

Strong military competition

Militarism

Hardening of alliance systems

Triple Alliance—

Triple Entente—

Russia was traditionally

Serbia’s protector

Alliances

Triple Alliance

Germany

Italy

Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente

Great Britain

Russia

France

1014_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to

Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife,

Killed June 28, 1914 in

Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand member, Gavrilo Princip

Assassination

Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia;

Serbia partially agreed July 25

Summer of 1914

Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28

Austria declared war on Serbia July 28

Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30

Germany pledged to support Austria

Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1

France allied with Russia

Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3

Germany declared war on France Aug 3

Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4

World War I Begins………..

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium,

US, Japan, Montenegro, Italy

The Battles BeginThe Battles Begin

Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war planSchlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan drawn up in 1905drawn up in 1905 called for invasion of neutral Belgiumcalled for invasion of neutral Belgium assumed Russia would be slow to assumed Russia would be slow to

mobilizemobilize allow for quick defeat of Frenchallow for quick defeat of French

Problems with Schlieffen PlanProblems with Schlieffen Plan

Invaded heavily fortified area of BelgiumInvaded heavily fortified area of Belgium

GB involved after Belgium invasionGB involved after Belgium invasion

Encountered strong resistanceEncountered strong resistance

Russian army mobilized quicklyRussian army mobilized quickly

Split Germany forces in EastSplit Germany forces in East

Downfall of Schlieffen PlanDownfall of Schlieffen Plan

Germans forced British retreatGermans forced British retreat France attacked Germans in Alsace-France attacked Germans in Alsace-

LorraineLorraine Caused delay in German advanceCaused delay in German advance

Battle of Marne caused German retreatBattle of Marne caused German retreat Signaled abandonment of Schlieffen PlanSignaled abandonment of Schlieffen Plan

Modern WarModern War Submarine warfareSubmarine warfare

Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shippingUse to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping Rapid fire machine gunsRapid fire machine guns

Led to trench warfareLed to trench warfare Trench warfareTrench warfare

500 miles of ditches for protection500 miles of ditches for protection TanksTanks

Designed to break through barbed wireDesigned to break through barbed wire AirplanesAirplanes

Primary function—to observe enemy activitiesPrimary function—to observe enemy activities Poison gasPoison gas

Introduced by Germans to help break stalematesIntroduced by Germans to help break stalemates

U.S. Becomes InvolvedU.S. Becomes Involved US declared neutrality in beginningUS declared neutrality in beginning Money loaned to warring nationsMoney loaned to warring nations Sinking of Sinking of LusitaniaLusitania German unrestricted submarine warfareGerman unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram Germany sinks 4 US merchant shipsGermany sinks 4 US merchant ships

April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war declarationdeclaration

April 6, 1917 US declares war on GermanyApril 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany

Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegram

Sinking of 4 US merchant ships

US declares war on Germany

April 6, 1917

US entry into World War I

Web of War

SerbiaAustria-Hungary

Germany Russia

France

Treaty

Declared war on

Treaty

Treaty

Declared war on

Declared war on

FranceGermany

United States

Great Britain

Italy

Declared war on

Treaty

Declared war on

Belgium

Japan

De

cla

red

wa

r o

n

Dec

lare

d w

ar o

n

invades

Treaty

Military agreement

Australia

Canada

India

New Zealand

Union of S.Africa

Colonial

Territories

Allied after start o

f war

The Home FrontThe Home Front

Selective Service – 2.8 million draftedSelective Service – 2.8 million drafted War Industries Board – coordinate War Industries Board – coordinate

production of war materialsproduction of war materials Daylight savings timeDaylight savings time Bonds – Liberty and VictoryBonds – Liberty and Victory Committee on Public Information – selling Committee on Public Information – selling

the war to the publicthe war to the public Sedition Act of 1918Sedition Act of 1918

• Public expression of war opposition illegalPublic expression of war opposition illegal

Women’s RolesWomen’s Roles

WomenWomen Fill jobs in factoriesFill jobs in factories Military serviceMilitary service

• Allowed to enlist in NavyAllowed to enlist in Navy• Fill temporary jobs in ArmyFill temporary jobs in Army• Army nurses were only military women allowed to Army nurses were only military women allowed to

go overseasgo overseas

African AmericansAfrican Americans

Served in segregated units in militaryServed in segregated units in military ““Great Migration”Great Migration”

Movement from South to North to fill factory Movement from South to North to fill factory jobsjobs

Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition Acts were used to Acts were used to

effectively silence criticism effectively silence criticism of the war.of the war.

1917 Russia pulls out1917 Russia pulls out• Closing Eastern frontClosing Eastern front• American troops arriveAmerican troops arrive

1918 1918 Allies push Germans back to border of Allies push Germans back to border of

GermanyGermany Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicatesKaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Germany surrendersGermany surrenders

War ends 11War ends 11thth Hour of 11 Hour of 11thth Day Day of 11of 11thth Month 1918 Month 1918

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points

Plan for peace after warPlan for peace after war League of Nations League of Nations

• General association of nationsGeneral association of nations Help preserve peaceHelp preserve peace Help prevent future warsHelp prevent future wars

Congress never signed Treaty of VersaillesCongress never signed Treaty of Versailles US never member of League of NationsUS never member of League of Nations

Germany’s punishmentGermany’s punishment Accept blame for causing warAccept blame for causing war Reduce militaryReduce military Pay war reparationsPay war reparations

Effects of WWI on USEffects of WWI on US Developments in WarDevelopments in War

War-torn economies of War-torn economies of EuropeEurope

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Industrial demand of Industrial demand of

wartimewartime Sacrifices of wartime; Sacrifices of wartime;

disappointment with disappointment with Versailles Peace Versailles Peace TreatyTreaty

Effects on USEffects on US Boom in US economy; Boom in US economy;

emergence of US as emergence of US as world industrial leaderworld industrial leader

““Red Scare” in Red Scare” in postwar US; suspicion postwar US; suspicion of immigrantsof immigrants

Internal migration in Internal migration in US, especially African US, especially African Americans to Northern Americans to Northern citiescities

Failure to join League Failure to join League of Nationsof Nations