World War I: How it all played out!
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Transcript of World War I: How it all played out!
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World War I: How it all played out!
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1914 August:
-Battle of TannenbergSeptember:
- Battle of Mons - Battle of the Marne
October - Battle of Masurian Lakes
- First Battle of Ypres
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1915 January
- British Navy Attacks on the Dardanelles (Turkey) April
- Gallipoli Campaign-till December - Second Battle of Ypres
July - Battle of Pozieres
August - Suvla Bay (Second Gallipoli Landing)
September - Lone Pine
- Offensive at Artors and Loos December
- Evacuation of Gallipoli
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1916 January
- Battle of Verdun-till June June
- Battle of Jutland - Brusilov Offensive
July - Battle of Somme-till November
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1917 January
- German unrestricted supreme warfare April
- Russian Revolution - USA declares war
- Battle of Arras - Battle of Vinny Ridge
May - Battle of Bullecourt
June - Battle of Messines
July - Russian July Offensive fails
- Third Battle of Ypres (better known as Passchendale) November
- Battle of Cambrai December
- Russian Ceasefire
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1918 March
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - German counter-offensive in West
April - Battle of Villers-Brethoneux
July - Second Battle of Marne
August - Battle of Ameins
October - Battle of Vittorio-Veneto
November -Armistice (End of War)
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Turkey enters war in October 1914 with the Central Powers
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Bulgaria enters war in September 1915 with the
Central Powers
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Italy enters war in 1915 with the Allied Forces
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WWI AT SEA
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• Britain begins with blockade of German ports (forcing them to get supplies through neutral countries)
•Germans counter with the invention of the U-Boat (submarine)
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LEADS TO UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE
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THE SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA
1915- PASSENGER SHIP- OVER 1,000 DEAD
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ZEPPELINS
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1917- The United States Enters
WHY?
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Reasons for U.S Involvement• Originally held an
isolationist policy• 1915: 128 Americans
were on the Lusitania • President Wilson
demanded that attacks on US passenger ships stop: Germany complied
• 1916 Attacks on Black Tom and Kingsland
• In 1917 Germany resumes unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• Also in 1917, Zimmerman Telegram is intercepted
• PROPOGANDA!
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Black Tom, New Jersey
July 30, 1916-German ships destroy an ammunition factory in New Jersey
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Black Tom, New Jersey
• Cause $20 million in damages
•Damaged Statue of Liberty ($100,000)-forever closed torch to visitors
•Wilson knew it was sabotage, but ignored it for re-election purposes
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Kingsland, New Jersey• January 11th, 1917 in
what is now The Meadowlands
• Another Ammunition factory set in flames
• Germany never “formally” admits guilt, but pays America reparations for the incident in the 1950s
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The Zimmerman Telegram (Jan 19, 1917)
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The Zimmerman Telegram (Jan 19, 1917)
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The Zimmerman Telegram• A Message from German
Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to German Minister to Mexico von Eckhardt
• Offered Mexico territory in the U.S if they, essentially, kept U.S. occupied
• Originally decoded by the British in January 1917- not presented to the U.S. until February 24th of 1917
• Was a huge source of propaganda for war effort in U.S. –published 3/1/17- U.S declares war on Germany on 4/6/17
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The Russian Revolution
-Results in Russian leaving the war in December of 1917
-Signed the BREST-LITOVSK TREATY to end war with Germany
-Led to communism taking hold in Russia
-Led to creation of Poland
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The Final Stages of the War• With Russia out, Germans
sought to take advantage: tried to divide French and British in Spring of 1918
• Gained substantial ground on Western Front, getting back to the Marne but were unable to maintain it
• General Foch of France named Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces
• U.S. Enters substantial forces under General “Black Jack” Pershing
• Americans back depleted French and English armies
• Americans chiefly responsible for stopping German advance at the Battle of Chateau-Thierry
• Germans are driven back to Hindenburg line and 14,000 troops taken prisoner
• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and a German Republic is declared on November 9th War ends November 11th (Veteran’s Day)