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World War I. Format of Test 10 Matching 10 Fill in the Blank (NO word bank) 5 Multiple Choice 5...
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Transcript of World War I. Format of Test 10 Matching 10 Fill in the Blank (NO word bank) 5 Multiple Choice 5...
![Page 1: World War I. Format of Test 10 Matching 10 Fill in the Blank (NO word bank) 5 Multiple Choice 5 True/ False 4 Short Answer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bf9d1a28abf838c93b4a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War I
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Format of Test
• 10 Matching• 10 Fill in the Blank (NO word bank)• 5 Multiple Choice • 5 True/ False• 4 Short Answer
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Unit Concepts
• Causes of the War/ US involvement • New military technology and
fighting tactics• Sequences of events and battles• Outcomes/Repercussions of the
War and the Treaty of Versailles (how did this lead to WWII)
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Causes of the Conflict
• Mutual Defense Alliances- complex system of alliances brought entire continent into war
• Imperialism- struggle for colonies in Africa and Asia
• Nationalism- struggle for power in Europe• Militarism- intense arms buildup before
war• Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand- the tipping point
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Web of Alliances
What is an alliance?
Why is it formed?
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Web of Alliances• European powers made alliances over the
years for mutual defense and to maintain the balance of power on the continent.
• In an alliance, you are bound to defend your ally if they are attacked.
• Once fighting started, the war spread across the continent as countries were obligated to fight with their allies.
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*Alliances*
Central Powers/ Triple Alliance
• Austria-Hungary• Ottoman Empire• Bulgaria
Allied Powers/ Triple Entente
• Great Britain• France• Russia
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Allied Powers• United Kingdom, France, and the Russian
Empire.• Other members: Belgium, Serbia, Italy,
Japan, Greece, and Romania.• The United States would later join on the
side of the Allies.
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Central Powers• German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire,
Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
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Web of Alliances
• After the Archduke Franz Ferndinand was killed by a Serbian/Bosnian revolutionary a chain of war declarations occurred. – July 28 Austria -> Serbia– August 1 Germany -> Russia– August 3 Germany -> France
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Imperialism
• European countries were all trying to colonize Africa which set them up for conflict.
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Imperialism
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*Nationalism*
• What is Nationalism?• Intense pride for one’s
homeland. • People who belong to a
nation should have their own country and govt.
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Militarism
• Due to imperialism many European countries began building up arms.
• They were somewhat already prepared for war.
• Anglo-German naval race
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Assassination of the Archduke
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The Assassin
• Gavrilo Princip• *Nationalist*• In Sarajevo
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The Home Front
• Women divided, but most active• Germans, Irish• Religious pacifists• Intellectuals
• Peace Movement
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American Involvement (or lack thereof)
• The US became *isolationalist.* • What do you think this means?• *Why would the US want to be isolated from
conflict?*
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American Isolationalism
• Close ties to England and France. • President Wilson’s cabinet overwhelmingly
supported Great Britain. • British propaganda• Economy– trading partners with the Allies– loans to the Allies.
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American Involvement
• *Lusitania*– British passenger ship– Sunk by *German U-Boats*
• Sussex – French passenger ferry– Led to *Sussex Pledge*
• Zimmerman Note/ Telegram– Germany encouraged Mexico to turn against US
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American Involvement
• Germany resumes unrestricted sub. warfare.– Feb. 1917, Sunk 4 American merchant ships– US declared war against Germany 2 months
later
• Building up the Military– Selective Service– African Americans, segregated units– 1st war for women
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American Involvement
• Organizing Industry– Co-op between Big Business and the Govt. – War Industries Board– Victory Gardens– Daylight Savings time– Liberty and Victory Bonds
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American Involvement
• Mobile Workforce– National War Labor Board (NWLB)– More women– Stopped flow of immigrants, sought out A.A.
instead, led to the “Great Migration”– Mexican Americans moved to S.W.
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American Involvement
• Public Support– Committee on Public Information (CPI) – Espionage– Mistreatment of German Americans, radical
labor activists, socialists, pacifists, etc. – Schneck v. the United States, limited speech
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Techniques of WWI
• Combat in WWI– Trench warfare• “No man’s land”• Moved only a few miles on either side for during the
entirety of the war
– *Attrition*
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*New Technologies of WWI*
• Poison gas– German– Chlorine gas
• Tanks– British
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*New Technologies of WWI*
• Airplanes– British
• Machine guns
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Russians
• 1917, Lenin overthrew the Russian govt. to set up a Communist govt.
• He pulled Russia out of the war to focus on establishing a communist state.
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Details about the War
• *Eastern Front*• *Western Front*• Outline on map
• *Eastern Front*• *Western Front*• Outline on map
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Americans in the War
• *Monroe doctrine* kept us out of the war until the last year.
• American “Doughboys” boosted the morale of the Allied forces.
• Convoys (proposed by a US admiral) to bring troops and merchant ships
• March 1918, Germany attacked the Western Front (Paris)
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Americans in the War
• Sept. 1918, American General Pershing planned the most massive attack in US history at the time.
• Nov. 1918, Germany signed an armistice (cease-fire)
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Outcomes
• *Big Four*– Allied Leaders who met at the Paris Conference– US, Woodrow Wilson– Britain, David Lloyd George– Italy, Vittorio Orlando– France, Georges Clemenceau
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Outcomes- Flawed?
• Jan. 1919, Allied nations met at Paris• *Wilson brought his 14 Points.*– Addressed the “principle of justice to all people
and nationalities”– Free trade and disarmament– Open diplomacy– Central powers must evacuate all countries
invaded– *League of Nations* created (US did NOT join)
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Outcomes- Flawed?
• The other Allieds believe that the 14 pts. were too lenient towards Germany.
• Treaty of Versailles– Stripped Germany of its armed forces– Made it pay *reparations* (war damages to
Allies.)
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Outcomes- Flawed?
• 1) It limited the German Army to 100,000 men, demilitarized much of western Germany, and forbade the German ownership of military aircraft, poison gas, or any naval units.
• 2) Huge war reparations were demanded of the Germans.
• 3) German Representatives thought that the Treaty was laid out by Wilson which signified US Betrayal.
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Outcome- Flawed?
• 4) Occupation• 5) Put the sole blame for the war on
Germany• .6) The German Representative who signed
the Treaty, Fredrick Ebert, was Jewish. Post-WWI, growing anger regarding the Treaty and economic downturn (Most bankers were Jewish) led to a rise in Anti-Semitism.
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*New Countries after WWI*
• Russia renounced all claims to:– Estonia– Finland– Lativia– Lithuania– Poland
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Outcomes back in the US
• Economy • Racial Unrest• Red Scare• End of Progressivism
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“War to end all wars”