World War I 1914-1918

Industrialization brings global ‘interdependence’ – nations depend on each other. Isolationism becomes obsolete as militarism, nationalism, and imperialism spread.

1914

Our Agenda:Classwork:1. Map: Europe 1914

a. Fill-in countriesb. Highlight alliances (create key)

Homework:• WWI Vocab –Monday, 1/10• WWI, Chapter Outline (fill-in blanks)

– Tues., 1/11• World War I Quiz (Map, Outline,

Notes) – Wed., 1/12 (this will not be open-note)

World War I: 1914-1918

“The Great War”Directions:

1. Open textbook to p. 704 (Connections)

2. Label the countries on the map provided.

3. Create a KEY to differentiate among the different alliances,

and neutral nations.

Announcements

1. Hand in Guided Reading, Ch. 27, Section 1

2. Quiz Thursday (Geography & Ch. 27, Section 1) – if it snows…Friday.

3. Graphic Organizer, Thurs., 1/13 (even if it snows!)

4. Guiding Questions, Tuesday, 1/18

Your new Global class…play along!

What will your class “feel” like? Your thoughts?

Bob is a friend of Frank. Frank and Rick are good friends and have agreed that if either is ever in a fight, the other boy will come to the rescue. Most of the boys in the class have obtained weapons in case of a fight. Greg, Ira and Alan are also good friends and have an agreement to fight if one is attacked. Frank and Greg hate each other because Greg beat up Frank a few years ago. Greg is jealous of Bob because Bob is a better swimmer on the school team. Sam and Rick are good friends as their backgrounds are similar, and Alan is always picking on Sam. Rick will protect Sam from Alan. Barney is small in size and gets picked on; he has convinced Bob to help him if he is ever attacked. All the boys love Cathy; each one thinks he is best and deserves her.

Long-Term Causes of World War I

• Directions:– Visit all 4 stations in the classroom.

Each station represents a “cause” of WWI.

– Analyze the sources at each station to determine the “cause” that is being represented.

– Label the “cause” on the handout provided (Title).

World War I: 1914-1918

“The Great War”What was the “spark” that led to the start of WWI?

Who: (was involved?)

What: (happened?)

Where: (did it happen?)

When: (did it happen?)

Why: (did it happen?)

How: (did it happen?)

How did this spark lead to a World

War? (explain)

Do Now:1.What is an alliance?2.Why do people form

them?3.How do people select

who they want to make an alliance

with?4.Why could alliances

be dangerous?

Homework: Due Wed., 1/12Complete graphic organizer based on

today’s class activity.

Directions:

• Identify: M.A.I.N

• A: Definition

• B & C: Examples

Do Now:

1. Why is A-H & the Balkan Peninsula known as the “Powder Keg” of Europe?

2. Why is the Ottoman Empire known as the “Sick Man of Europe”

3. Who started World War I? Defend your answer.

Causes of WWI

Long Term

Causes

“The Spark”

• Presence of the AH Empire: mixed nationalities that resented foreign rule

• Serbia independent – (desire to unite Slavs)

• Russian interest in Balkan peninsula – (secret treaty with Serbia)

Why is Russia interested in the Balkan Peninsula?

“Slavic Brothers,” Access to Med Sea (militarism/warm

water ports)• 1908: A-H annexes

Bosnia/Herzegovina

The Balkan Peninsula, 1914

Austria-Hungary & the Balkan Peninsula

“Powder Keg of Europe”

• MANY ethnic groups (Czechs, Romanians, Poles & Serbs)

• Desire national independence

• Threat to A-H

“The Sick Man of Europe” Ottoman Empire

• As nationalism

grew, people of Balkan peninsula

gained independence

• Loss of territory to

Russia

“The Spark”

Assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28th, 1914 in Sarajevo (Austrian-Hungary Province)

Who did it? Gavrilo Princip

WHO IS HE?Bosnian RevolutionaryBlack HandInstrument of Serbian government?

Seal of the Black Hand

The Austrian Response

“Demands must be put to Serbia that would be wholly impossible

for them to accept.”

Count Berchtold (Austrian PM)

Bethmann Hollweg (German PM)

GERMANY REACTS

“The Blank Check”Confidential - For Your Excellency's personal information and guidance

“His Majesty desires to say that he is not blind to the danger which threatens Austria-Hungary and thus the Triple Alliance . The Emperor Francis Joseph (AH) may be rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria-Hungary, as is required by the obligations of his alliance and of his ancient friendship.”

The UltimatumJuly 23, 1914

Suppress anti-AH hostility

Dismiss anti-AH officials

Allow AH to investigate assassination within Serbia

Trial in AH courts

48 hours to respond

Must accept all demands – or AH declares war

What do you think Serbia should do? Why?

German Motives

“The Austrian demands are moderate. Any interference by Britain, France, Russia will be

followed by incalculable consequences.”

Kaiser William II“Germany must have its place in the sun. The world belongs to the strong.”

Aggressive Foreign Policy

Alliance System In Action

July 28, 1914: A-H declares war on Serbia

July 29, 1914: Russia mobilizes

August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia

August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France

German Military StrategyHow do you fight a war on two fronts?

• “Schlieffen Plan:” Defeat France before Russians mobilizeHOW?

• Fastest Route: invade through Belgium – August 3, 1914

“The Schlieffen Plan”

Why did Britain get involved?August 4, 1914

Belgian NeutralityProtected by BritishBritain declares war on GermanyU.S. neutral; Loans Allies >$3 billion “There’s some

devilry going on in Berlin.”

(Sir Edward Grey: British Foreign

Secretary)

Alliances – Why?ALLIED POWERS CENTRAL POWERS

1. Germany

2. A-H

3. Ottoman Empire

1. England

2. France

3. Russia

4. Serbia

Naval Race

Arms Race Similar Culture

Resents Russia “Sick Man of Europe”

Lost territory

NATIONALIS

T

TENSIONS

“Sla

vic

bro

ther

s”

warm water ports

DE

MO

CR

AC

IES

“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: School

Teacher Student

Global History pencil

smartboard notes

suspension laughing

cutting study

“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI

Alliances Militarism Nationalism

Imperialism “Sick Man of Europe”

“Powder Keg”

Industrialization Serbia

“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI

Central Powers Allied

Powers Serbia Austria-

Hungary Belgium England Russia Ottoman Empire

Germany

“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI

Gavrilo Princep

Black Hand ultimatum Schlieffen

Plan neutral

Blank Check Arms

Race Franz

Ferdinand alliances

“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI

warm water ports

assassination

serbia ottoman

empire nationalism

imperialism central powers

militarism powder

keg

“Let’s Chat”

What caused WWI to occur?What nation should we blame for the war?Is the war justified?How could WWI have been avoided?Should nations follow a policy of isolationism? Why? Why not?What are the soldiers fighting for? (Name a country, rationale)

Dulce et Decorum Est

Rupert Brooke ~ “The Soldier”If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field That is forever England. There shall be In that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam, A body of England's, breathing English air, Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home. And think, this heart, all evil shed away, A pulse in the eternal mind, no less Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given; Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day; And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness, In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.

French Troops Resting ~ C. R. W. Nevinson

CountriesTotal

MobilizedKilled

& Died Wounded

Prisoners& Missing

TotalCasualties

Casualties %

of Mobilized

Allied Powers            

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3

France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3

British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8

Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1

United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2

Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2

Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4

Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8

Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9

Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7

Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3

Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0

Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3

Central Powers

           

Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9

Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0

Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2

Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2

Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4

Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6

Allied PowersCost in Dollars

in 1914-18

United States 22,625,253,000

Great Britain 35,334,012,000

France 24,265,583,000

Russia 22,293,950,000

Italy 12,413,998,000

Belgium 1,154,468,000

Japan 40,000,000

Serbia 399,400,000

Total of all Costs

(including other

countries involved)

125,690,477,000

Central Powers Cost in Dollars in 1914-18

Germany 37,775,000,000

Austria-Hungary 20,622,960,000

Turkey 1,430,000,000

Bulgaria 815,200,000

Total of all Costs 60,643,160,000