World War 1
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Transcript of World War 1
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World War 1 • Totally shapes the world we live in today
• Begins 30 years of Europe tearing itself apart, and rising world power of peeps outside of Europe
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Four main reasons driving Europe to war
• Militarism • Alliance
systems• Imperialism • Nationalism
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Opposing Alliances
Central Powers- Germany- Austria-Hungary- *Ottoman EmpireAllied Powers
- France- Russia- Great Britain- *Italy- *Japan- *USA
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Europe 1914
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Trouble in the Balkans
• Balkans divided by ethnic groups, religions
• A-H controls some areas and is trying to squish revolts
• Serbia resists A-H control and aids rebels
• Assassination of heir to A-H throne in Bosnia sees A-H crack down on Serbia, Russia step up to help Serbia, and A-H and Russia’s allies line up and start frontin’
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The Western Front • Germany fights France and England in northeastern France
• 500 miles of trenches, and years of bloody fighting
• Battles of Verdun and Somme in 1916 – 2 million die and lines don’t move
• “total war” – demands civilians support the war effort; propaganda used to justify sacrifices of loved ones and $$$$$$
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Eastern Front • Germany and Austria-Hungary fight Russia
• Slow, steady movement towards Russia, who can’t keep up with industry and resources
• Russian people suffer from massive shortages of all necessities
• March Revolution drives out Czar, but decides to stay in the war… bad idea…
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Why the US enters World War 1• At 1st, the US claims neutrality• US anger grows over German u-
boat attacks in the Atlantic• Germany reaches out to Mexico• US trades with GB and France
much more than Germany and A-H
• US banks loan GB and France money – what if they lose??
• Shared language and history with British
• Shared democratic governments with GB and France
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A “World” War • Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers and war spreads to the Middle East
• Genocide against the Armenians
• Japan joins the Allies for its own reasons
• British and French promise more freedoms / independence to colonies if they help in the war… not so much…
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The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia • Staying in the war sees things
go from bad to worse in Russia after March 1917
• Vladimir Lenin leads the Bolsheviks in a revolt that seizes major Russian cities
• They declare the creation of the communist “Soviet Union”; execute the Czar’s family, and sue for peace with Germany
• 3 years of civil war follows before the Soviet Union sees peace; Lenin makes a communist dictatorship
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The end of the war, and the “peace” after??? • US in the war spells the end for
Germany• President Woodrow Wilson wants a
“fair and lasting peace” – The 14 Points
• The Treaty of Versailles was instead motivated by revenge; only the League of Nations makes it in from the 14 Points*
• The Treaty blames the war on Germany, imposes harsh reparations, redraws the map of Europe, and gives England and France control of much of the Middle East
• the “war to end all wars” will instead become a big reason why there will be another world war 20 years later…
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Europe 1919 – after the Treaty of Versailles