World Resources

Institute

World Commercial Energy Supply World Commercial Energy Supply (1998)(1998)

40

26 24

37

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Oil Coal Natural Gas Hydro Nuclear

Percent of Total

World Resources

Institute

Oil Consumption by Sector (1998)Oil Consumption by Sector (1998)

24.6

9.2

2.13

1.16

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Transportation

Industry

ResidentialCommercial

Electric Utilities

QUADS of Oil

World Resources

Institute

Time

Annual Production

Area Under the Curve

Equals Total Resource

Production of a Non-Renewable Production of a Non-Renewable ResourceResource

World Resources

Institute

US Lower-48 Crude Oil ProductionUS Lower-48 Crude Oil Production

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Billions of Bbls per Yr

World Resources

Institute

Alaska Crude Oil ProductionAlaska Crude Oil Production

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Billions of Bbls per Yr

World Resources

Institute

World Crude Oil PricesWorld Crude Oil Prices

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

$1992 per barrel

World Resources

Institute

Cumulative Production of Crude Oil Cumulative Production of Crude Oil in the Lower 48 States in the Lower 48 States

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Billions of barrels

Limit = 189Billion Bbls.

World Resources

Institute

Cumulative Production of Crude Oil in Cumulative Production of Crude Oil in Alaska Alaska

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Billions of barrels

Limit = 14.7Billion Bbls.

World Resources

Institute

World Crude Oil ProductionWorld Crude Oil Production

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Billions of Barrels per Year

World Resources

Institute

Estimates of Ultimate Oil ResourcesEstimates of Ultimate Oil Resources(billions of barrels)(billions of barrels)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Petroconsul., 1995

Laherrere, 1995

Masters, 1994

OPEC, 1993

Masters, 1991

USGS, 1987

Ivanhoe, 1984

BP, 1984

Masters (USGS), 1983

Nehring, 1982

Colitti (Agip), 1981

Conoco, 1981

Halbouty, 1981

WEC, 1980

Shell, 1979

Meyerhoff, 1979

World Resources

Institute

Proved Crude Oil Reserves in Several Proved Crude Oil Reserves in Several OPEC Countries (at beginning of year)OPEC Countries (at beginning of year)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1982 1987 1992 1997

Billions of Barrels

World Resources

Institute

Distribution of Estimates of Distribution of Estimates of Ultimately Recoverable World Crude Ultimately Recoverable World Crude Oil (1975-1993)Oil (1975-1993)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

Billion Barrels

Percentage of Estimates

World Resources

Institute

1800

2200

2600

Global Oil Production for Resources of Global Oil Production for Resources of 1800, 2200, and 2600 Billion Barrels1800, 2200, and 2600 Billion Barrels

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Billions of Barrels per Year

World Resources

Institute

Insensitivity of Year of Peaking in Insensitivity of Year of Peaking in Global Oil ProductionGlobal Oil Production

Ultimate Resource(billions of barrels)

1800 2200 2600

Year of Peaking 2007 2013 2019