World Regional Geography February 15, 2010
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Transcript of World Regional Geography February 15, 2010
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World Regional GeographyWorld Regional Geography
February 15, 2010February 15, 2010
Reading: Marston Chapter 4 pages 154-187,
192-193 (Darfur and Western Sahara), and198-199 (Petroleum)
Goode’s World Atlaspages 188-200 (Middle East) and 225-230 (North Africa)
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The Middle East & North AfricaThe Middle East & North Africa
1. Political Boundaries2. Physical Geography
A. Physical Features & Topography B. ClimateC. Land UseD. Physiographic Regions
3. Human GeographyA. Population Characteristics
4. Key ConceptsA. Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion
a. Historyb. Politics
B. The Politics of Oila. Economicsb. International Politics
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Political BoundariesPolitical Boundaries
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The Middle East & North AfricaThe Middle East & North Africa
• Why group the Middle East and North Africa?• Culture
• Islamic Religion• Arabic Languages
• Economics• Oil
• Environment• Arid
• “Middle East” or Southwest Asia
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Physical FeaturesPhysical Features
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Sandstorm!Sandstorm!
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TopographyTopography
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Temperature and RainfallTemperature and Rainfall
• Annual Rainfall• 75% of the Region receives less than 10 inches• Some desert areas average less than 1 inch• Mountain (orographic) and some coastal areas
account for vast majority of regions rainfall.
• Average Temperature• Large temperature variations in desert areas
• Radiational cooling• Large variations can lead to wind/dust storms
• More humid climactic regions = less extremes• Western Atlas Mountains• Turkey• Mediterranean Coast• Western Zagros & Elburz Mountains
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RainfallRainfall
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ClimateClimate
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Land UseLand Use
• Arable Land and Agriculture• Irrigated river valleys, coastline, and mountains
• Forested Land: Agriculture and Grazing• Atlas and Pontic Mountians, Southern Sudan
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• Mountains• Major Ranges
• Atlas • Zagros and Elburz• Taurus and Pontic• Asir and Yemen
• Important sources of water
• Tectonically active
• Refuge for minority populations
Physiographic Regions
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• Plateaus and Coastline• Plateau Regions
• Iranian• Anatolian
• Coastal Regions• Persian Gulf• Southeastern Red Sea• Eastern Mediterranean• Nile River Delta• Northwestern Africa
• More rainfall
• Higher population density
Physiographic Regions
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• Deserts• Sahara
• Libyan• Nubian
• Arabian (Rub’ al Khali)
• Extremely low rainfall
• Major temperature variation
• Oases
• Very low population• Nomadic herders
Physiographic Regions
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• Riverine Landscapes• Major River Systems
• Nile• Tigris and Euphrates
• Agriculture• Support large populations• Political issues
• Water rights• Access
Physiographic Regions (338)
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Environmental History• Domestication of Plants and Animals
• Between 9000 and 7000 B.C.• Technological implications
• Irrigation• Food storage• Milling
• Major social implications • Long-term settlement• Non-agricultural (food-related) specialization• Trade and barter systems
• Overexploitation• Forests and Soils• Animals• Water
• Desertification• Overgrazing• Water withdrawal
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Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues
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Population DensityPopulation Density
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Population Density: Egypt & SudanPopulation Density: Egypt & Sudan
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Population CharacteristicsPopulation Characteristics
RegionRegionPopulationPopulation
(Millions)(Millions)Birth Birth RateRate
Death Death RateRate
Natural Natural IncreaseIncrease
(%)(%)
Net Net MigratioMigration Raten Rate
Projected Projected Pop. Change Pop. Change
(2050)(2050)
Middle Middle EastEast 286.6286.6 2424 55 1.91.9 11 +60%+60%
RegionRegion IMRIMR TFRTFR % Pop % Pop <15<15
% Pop% Pop
>65>65
Life Life ExpectancyExpectancy MaleMale FemaleFemale
Middle Middle EastEast 3535 3.03.0 3232 44 7171 6969 7474
RegionRegion HIV/AIDS %HIV/AIDS % % Urban% UrbanGNI PPPGNI PPP
(US$)(US$)
Middle Middle EastEast 0.1*0.1* 6666 12,95012,950
* Data missing for many countries
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Population CharacteristicsPopulation Characteristics
RegionRegionPopulationPopulation
(Millions)(Millions)Birth Birth RateRate
Death Death RateRate
Natural Natural IncreaseIncrease
(%)(%)
Net Net MigratioMigration Raten Rate
Projected Projected Pop. Change Pop. Change
(2050)(2050)
North North AfricaAfrica 205205 2525 77 1.91.9 -1-1 +54%+54%
RegionRegion IMRIMR TFRTFR % Pop % Pop <15<15
% Pop% Pop
>65>65
Life Life ExpectancyExpectancy MaleMale FemaleFemale
North North AfricaAfrica 3838 3.03.0 3333 55 6969 6767 7171
RegionRegion HIV/AIDS %HIV/AIDS % % Urban% UrbanGNI PPPGNI PPP
(US$)(US$)
North North AfricaAfrica 0.40.4 5050 5,3705,370
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MigrationMigration
• Pull Factors• Oil• Guest workers • Jews returning to
Israel
• Push Factors• Lack of work• War• Civil unrest
A pull factor is a characteristic of the receiving region that draws migrants, while a push factor is a characteristic of the sending region that drives out-migrants.
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The DiasporaThe Diaspora
• Refugee Populations• Workers• Distribution of Middle Eastern Culture
• Worldwide spread of Islam
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WednesdayWednesday
• Culture and Ethnicity•Religion
• Economics
• The Politics of Oil