World population, 1900-2000: poor share of total increased from 66% to 80% rich population doubled;...
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![Page 1: World population, 1900-2000: poor share of total increased from 66% to 80% rich population doubled; poor almost fivefold Iraq 5.2 23.6 Afghanistan.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1b807f8b9ab0599bae5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World population, 1900-2000: World population, 1900-2000: poor share of total increased from 66% to 80%poor share of total increased from 66% to 80%rich population doubled; poor almost fivefoldrich population doubled; poor almost fivefold
IraqIraq 5.2 5.2
23.6 23.6
Afghanistan 5.0 (1900) 27.8 (2000)Afghanistan 5.0 (1900) 27.8 (2000)
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Demographic transitions compared, rich vs. poor Demographic transitions compared, rich vs. poor countries: annual growth rates, 1700-2000countries: annual growth rates, 1700-2000
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Relation between TFR and eRelation between TFR and e00 25 less developed countries, 1950-55: 25 less developed countries, 1950-55:
great diversity great diversity Iraq, tfr= 7.2; e0=43Iraq, tfr= 7.2; e0=43
Afghanistan tfr=6.7; e0=31Afghanistan tfr=6.7; e0=31
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Relation between TFR and eRelation between TFR and e00 25 LARGE less developed, 1995-25 LARGE less developed, 1995-2000: transition well advanced 2000: transition well advanced
Iraq, tfr= 5.4; e0=58Iraq, tfr= 5.4; e0=58Afghanistan tfr=6.0; e0=45Afghanistan tfr=6.0; e0=45
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Strong inverse correlation between Strong inverse correlation between sewage system and 0-4 mortality in 55 sewage system and 0-4 mortality in 55
poor countries, 1980spoor countries, 1980s
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Per capita GDP and ePer capita GDP and e00 in 25 less in 25 less developed countries, 1995-2000: big developed countries, 1995-2000: big increases at moderate levels of GDPincreases at moderate levels of GDP
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DDT eradication halved the crude death rate DDT eradication halved the crude death rate in malarial zones of in malarial zones of Sri Lanka, 1930-1960Sri Lanka, 1930-1960
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Burden of premature death and disease by Burden of premature death and disease by world region, 1998: inequalities are large world region, 1998: inequalities are large
and larger yet between continentsand larger yet between continents
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Contraception was major factor in reducing Contraception was major factor in reducing fertility from natural levels, 31 countriesfertility from natural levels, 31 countries
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Per capita GDP and TFR, 25 less developed Per capita GDP and TFR, 25 less developed countries, 1995-2000—weak correlationcountries, 1995-2000—weak correlation
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Literacy and TFR, 25 less developed Literacy and TFR, 25 less developed countries, 1980s—strong correlationcountries, 1980s—strong correlation
Iraq, tfr= 5.4; illit: 30%Iraq, tfr= 5.4; illit: 30%
Afghanistan tfr=6.0;Afghanistan tfr=6.0; illit=70% illit=70%
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Fertility of married Mexican women Fertility of married Mexican women by educational levels compared with by educational levels compared with
natural fertility, 1990natural fertility, 1990
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The educational revolution will The educational revolution will precipitate further declines in precipitate further declines in Mexican fertility rates (1990)Mexican fertility rates (1990)
None
Primary
Secondary
Post
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Decline in TFR by level of development and Decline in TFR by level of development and family planning, 1982-90: both requiredfamily planning, 1982-90: both required
Test Test of of unmet unmet need need thesisthesis
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““Wanted” TFR vs. actual TFR, by region, Wanted” TFR vs. actual TFR, by region, late 1980s-early 1990slate 1980s-early 1990s
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““Unwanted” children (%) vs. actual TFR, by Unwanted” children (%) vs. actual TFR, by region, late 1980s-early 1990sregion, late 1980s-early 1990s
No correlationNo correlation
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% current contraceptors is strongly % current contraceptors is strongly correlated with actual TFR, in all regions correlated with actual TFR, in all regions
(late 1980s-early 1990s)(late 1980s-early 1990s)
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% current contraceptors and “wanted” % current contraceptors and “wanted” fertility: also strongly correlated, in all fertility: also strongly correlated, in all
regions (late 1980s-early 1990s)regions (late 1980s-early 1990s)
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Availability of contraception is not enough:Availability of contraception is not enough:% current contraceptors is not strongly % current contraceptors is not strongly
correlated with unwanted children, in all correlated with unwanted children, in all regions (late 1980s-early 1990s)regions (late 1980s-early 1990s)
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China, age structure: 1950 & 2025China, age structure: 1950 & 2025the effects of fertility declinethe effects of fertility decline
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India, age structure: 1950 & 2025India, age structure: 1950 & 2025the effects of partial fertility declinethe effects of partial fertility decline
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Increase in population and per capita GNP:Increase in population and per capita GNP:27 less developed countries, 1970-9227 less developed countries, 1970-92
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Increase in population 1950-70 & GNP pc:Increase in population 1950-70 & GNP pc:27 less developed countries, 1970-9227 less developed countries, 1970-92
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Increase in population and per capita GNP:Increase in population and per capita GNP:27 less developed countries, 1950-9227 less developed countries, 1950-92
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Asia: the boom in labor force growth is over: Asia: the boom in labor force growth is over: much GREATER 1965-95 than for coming much GREATER 1965-95 than for coming
30 years, except for Muslim countries30 years, except for Muslim countries
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Increase in labor force, 1995-2025/1965-1995: Increase in labor force, 1995-2025/1965-1995: Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, the boom is underway: Sub-Saharan Africa, the boom is underway: much GREATER IN COMING 30 years than much GREATER IN COMING 30 years than
for 1965-95for 1965-95
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Gross investment and working age Gross investment and working age population selected countriespopulation selected countries
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Malawi: rapid fertility decline (from 7.6 in Malawi: rapid fertility decline (from 7.6 in 1980 to 4.0) reduces schooling costs 50% by 1980 to 4.0) reduces schooling costs 50% by 2015—over modest fertility decline (tfr=5.5)2015—over modest fertility decline (tfr=5.5)
2005, tfr= 6.52005, tfr= 6.5