World Organizations

GLOBALIZATION

Advancements in transportation and Technology (communication)

Exchanges of culture and resources

Economic interdependenceEnvironmental responsibility

UNITED NATIONS

◦Founded in 1945 after WWII to seek “a just and prosperous world”. “..from the scourge of war”.

  Settle disputes among nations Promote universal human rights Support economic development Facilitate world peace

193 countries (Vatican, Kosovo, Taiwan)

 

New York City

WHAT IT IS NOT

Not a World GovernmentCannot taxNo people’s electionRarely impose its will

Organization and Structure

◦ The General Assembly - “Legislative” body of the UN Debate and discuss world issues, disputes and

problems. Budget Directs and supervises the activities of UN agencies

(UNICEF, etc) 193 member nations One country / one vote Resolutions are non-binding Elects non-permanent members of Security Council Ratifies candidate for Secretary General Voting blocks…G77, Nonaligned Movement

Security Council

◦The Security Council - Center of Power in UN

  Five permanent members – US, UK, France, China,

Russia◦Each of the 5 has veto power: BIG PROBLEM◦10 non-permanent members (e-10)…5-15 years ◦Controls UN military forces◦Functions include carrying out: ◦military operations, ◦economic sanctions, ◦weapons inspections,◦and election monitoring

THE ENFORCER

Non-permanent members

Argentina (2014)….LAAustralia (2014)….WEChad (2015)….AFRICAChile (2015)….LAJordan (2015)….ARABLithuania (2015)….EELuxembourg (2014)….WENigeria (2015)….AFRICARepublic of Korea (2014)….ASIARwanda (2014)….AFRICA

Secretary-General

Ban Ki-Moon (ROK)8th

5-year terms (2)Rotate regions

Court

◦The International Court of Justice – Judicial branch of UN Established by UN Charter Sits at The Hague, Netherlands Function is to settle legal disputes between states (not individuals, corporations or organizations)

Provides legal opinions on issues submitted to it by the United Nations

Five SC permanent members have veto power over any decision

ICC

The International Criminal Court Created in 2002 Based in The Hague, but may operate in other locations Conducts prosecution of individuals accused of genocide, war

crimes and other crimes against humanity Such crimes must have been committed by a citizen of a

member state and have taken place in a member state Not all UN members submit to the jurisdiction of the ICC. The ICC operates independently from the UN, but reports to

it. The US does not submit to the jurisdiction of the ICC CONTROVERSIAL: go after unpopular leaders 

Economics

THE WORLD BANK 

o Established in 1944o Provides low interest loans, grants and credits to developing countries for education,

infrastructure, agriculture and private sector projects. o Goal is to promote “inclusive and sustainable growth”

  THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) 

o Established in 1944o Monitors currency marketso Provides loans to developing countries to help stabilize market situationso Goal is to “facilitate international trade, while promoting economic development” 

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 

Economy

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION  

◦ Established in 1995 ◦ ◦ Stated goals: “The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global

rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.”

◦ Headquarters in Switzerland

◦ Members meet to establish trade goals and objectives

◦ Framework for trade policy:◦ Equal treatment of ALL trading partners◦ Binding, enforceable agreements◦ Transparency

 

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

1949: intergovernmental military alliance

Attack on one is an attack on all

Collective defense (Russia)

EUROPEAN UNION

Economic and political partnership Common marketsCurrency: EURO (not all countries)Security and police mattersTravel and trade easier

Non-governmental OrganizationsNGO’s

Independent from any governmentHumanitarian aidCall out corporationsPolitical prisonersWork directly with peopleNon-profitWork quicklyNo army

Microfinance

Organizations that offer financial services to people living in poverty (developing

world) Providing of small business loans

Reduce poverty Internet sites