World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water

Good Practices, Guidelines and Capacity Development

Projects in DRR and Adaptation

Dr. Maryam Golnaraghi,

Chief, WMO Disaster Risk Reduction Programme

Mary Power

Director, Resource Mobilization

12 March 2012

World Bank HQ

www.wmo.int

WMO

Socio-economic Impacts of Weather and Climate-

Related Extremes on the Rise !

Intensity

Frequency

Heatwaves

Heavy rainfall / Flood

Strong Wind

Water Resource

Management

People Agriculture

Energy

Urban areas

Need for

Multi-sectoral risk

management

Drought

Transportation Aral Sea Hazard intensity and

frequency increasing linked

to climate variability and

change!

Vulnerability and

exposure on the rise !

WMO DRR Strategic Foundation

WMO

Strategic Plan

2008-2015 (Top Level Objectives and

Five Strategic Thrusts)

Hyogo Framework

for Action

2005-2015

(World Conference on

Disaster Reduction)

WMO strategic priorities

in Disaster Risk Reduction

Consultations with WMO governing

bodies, Regional and National

network and partners

Comprehensive DRR Framework and National

Meteorological and Hydrological Services

Risk Financing and Transfer

Risk Assessment

Hazard databases

Hazard statistics

Climate forecasting

and trend analysis

Exposed assets &

vulnerability

Risk analysis tools

PREPAREDNESS:

early warning systems

emergency planning

PREVENTION and

MITIGATION:

Sectoral Risk Management

Medium to long term planning

(e.g. zoning, infrastructure,

agriculture…)

Gov Investments, trust

funds, etc.

CAT insurance & bonds

Weather-indexed

insurance and derivatives

Other emerging products

Risk Reduction

Information and Knowledge Sharing

Education and training

Governance and Institutional Framework

(Multi-sector, Multi-level, Multi-Hazard)

2 1 4

3

Comprehensive end-to-end Service Delivery

National Meteorological Services

Core operational componentsDRR Products &

Services

Observations and

monitoring

Operational

Nowcasting,

Forecasting and

other Analysis

Data & Analysis

Warnings, forecasts and

other value-add products

Technical Advisory Services

Telecommunication Infrastructure and dissemination to Users

Human Resource Development & Training

Data Management Systems

ETC…

Quality Management Systems (QMS)

Other National Technical and Sectoral

Implementing Partners

Hydrological

Service

Ocean

Services

Health

ServicesSpace Agency National

Users

Sectors:

- Transportation

- Health

- Food & Agriculture

- Water Management &

Safety

- Coastal Zone

Management

- Etc…

National Governance and

Policy Makers

Local Governments

Disaster Risk

Management Agencies

General Public

Media

Private Sector

Non Governmental

Organizations (NGOs)

Etc…

Service

Delivery

Requirements &

Feedback

Global Regional Specialized Meteorological,

Climate Centers (RSMCs and RCCs)

and Space Agencies

Nati

on

al

Reg

ion

al

2

45

1National DRR Governance

and Institutional

Frameworks

3

6

7

SOPs

SOPs

GTS, WIS

Need for significant Capacity development of NMHS for

delivery of meteorological, hydrological and climate

services

• 70% Amendments or restructuring of national policies, legislation and roles of NMHS

• 67% Strengthening or full modernization of core infrastructure

• 80% Tools, standards and technical and management training

• 80% Strengthening or building multi-sectoral institutional partnerships and service delivery (QMS and SOPs)

WMO DRR Survey (2006)

Country-Level Capacity Assessment Survey (2006)

Category

Planning

&

Legislation

Infrastructure:

Observation

Forecasting

Telecom.

Data,

Analysis

and

Technical

Capacities

Partnerships

&

Concept of

Operations

% countries

1 Need for development in all areas 12

2 Need for improvements in all areas 42

3

Need for improvements in some areas 26

4 Self sufficient

Could benefit from sharing of good practices practices and guidelines 20

Under estimated

Around 60% of the NMHS are challenged in meeting needs in DRR!

Need for services and technical advice on a number of

priority Hazards of WMO Members

as establish by 2006 DRR Survey

• Top hydro-meteorological hazards of concerns to

Members (in alphabetical order):

– Droughts

– Flash and river floods

– Forest and wild land fires

– Heat waves and cold spells

– Land- and mud-slides

– Marine and aviation hazards

– Strong winds and severe storms

– Tropical cyclones and storm surges

Leveraging expertise, resources and capacities

of beneficiaries and other supporting Members,

WMO Technical Programmes and Expert

Networks, WMO global and regional operational

centers and other UN, international and

regional partners to implement the two-tier

approach…

WMO Overall Cross-cutting Approach

Identification and

documentation of good

practices

(Policy, institutional, technical operations,

products and services, etc. )

Coordinated

National and

Regional Projects

Requirements,

Guidelines,

Standards, Tools,

Methodologies and

training

Monitoring,

Evaluation and Feedback

1. Knowledge

Development

2. Capacity

Development

Two-Tier approach….

Engaging WMO Technical Expert Networks,

Global and Regional Centers and Members

8 Technical Committees &

10 Programmes

Basic Systems (Observations,

forecasting, telecommunication)

Instruments

Hydrology

Meteorology

Climate

Agricultural Meteorology

Marine meteorology

Aeronautical Meteorology

Space

Disaster Risk Reduction

(Crosscutting)

Technical Global/ Regional

189 Members

‘National

Meteorological

and Hydrological

Services (NMHSs)’

3 World Meteorological

Centres (WMC)

6 Regional Committees

40 Regional Specialised

Meteorological Centres (RSMC)

30 Regional Training Centres (RMTC)

12 Global Climate Centers &

Regional Climate Centers (RCC)

WMO Global Operational Network

189 Members

Engage in strategic partners that influence

National/Regional DRR Programmes, Operational

Capacities and Funding

Partners Agency Type Coordination National DRR

Implementation Funding

World Bank

(GFDRR) Development X X

ISDR

Coordination X X

UNDP Development

X X X

UNESCO and its IOC Technical X X

WFP

FAO Agriculture X X X

UN- OCHA

IFRC Humanitarian X X

Donors

(EC, bi-laterals) Donor

X

Regional Centers and

agencies

(depending on the region)

X X X

DRR Expert Advisory Mechanisms to guide

development of knowledge products

EAG Hazard/Risk

Analysis

• Research and Operations

• Hazard / Risk modeling and

mapping tools

• Data (hazard, exposure, socio-

economic vulnerability)

• Analysis and interpretation

• Training

Partners and expertise: World

Bank, UNDP-GRIP, WFP, Experts

from Risk Modelling Sectors,

OECD, GEM, CRED, Munich Re,

Swiss Re, WRN, NMHS, reps from

RCCs.

EAG Multi-

Hazard EWS

Partners and expertise: WMO

members and network, DRM

agencies, UNDP, UNISDR,

IFRC, World Bank, WHO,

UNOCHA, WFP, FAO,

UNHCR, UNESCO-IOC, ITU,

UNEP, UNICEF

EAG

Humanitarian

Preparedness

Partners and expertise: WMO

network, UNOCHA, UNHCR,

WFP, WHO, UNDP, IFRC,

UNITAR-UNOSAT, UNICEF

EAG Disaster Risk

Financing

Partners and expertise: World

Bank, WFP, IFAD, UNEP FI, ,

ISDR, UNFCCC, WMO

members, WCRP, WWRP,

WRN, CIMH, CSIRO, Swiss

Re, University of Kentucky,

Munich Re, Geneva Association

(Insurance)

Others…

TBD

WMO DRR Good Practices, Guidelines

and Knowledge Products in DRR

TITLE PUBLICATION DATE

Book 1 : partnerships in Multi Hazard Early Warning Systems, a compilation of

seven good practices and Lessons Learned March 2012

Springer Verlag

WMO Guideline: Governance and Institutionnal Partnerships in MHEWS September 2012

(4 languages)

Book 2: Climate services for Disaster Risk F inancing : Documentation of good

practices and lessons learned December 2012

WMO Guideline: Requirements for climate services for various sectors in Disaster

Risk financing (Government, Insurance) March 2013

WMO / CRED Annual Publication: Socio-economic impacts of meteorological,

hydrological and climate hazards - Pilot November 2012

then annualy

WMO Technical Guidelines: Standardisation of meteorological, hydrological and

climate hazards monitoring, data, metadata and analysis and forecating tools (on 10

primary hazards identified by WMO Members) 2013-2015

WMO guidelines: Operations and Quality Management Systems for MHEWS 2015

Good Practices in

Early Warning

Systems

Early Warning Systems Require Coordination

Across Many Levels and Agencies National to local disaster risk reduction plans, legislation and coordination mechanisms

1 2

3 4

Seven good practices in EWS

• Bangladesh

• Cuba

• French Vigilance system

• Germany

• Japan

• Mega City of Shanghai

• USA

10 common principles for successful Early

Warning Systems (1/2)

1. Political recognition of the benefits of EWS along with effective planning, legislation and budgeting

2. Effective EWS are built upon four components: (i)) hazard detection, monitoring and forecasting; (ii) analyzing risks and incorporation of risk information in emergency planning

and warnings; (iii) disseminating timely and “authoritative” warnings with clarity on the

responsibilities and mandate for issuance of warnings; (iv) community emergency planning and preparedness and the ability to activate

emergency plans to prepare and respond

3. Roles and responsibilities of all EWS stakeholders and their collaboration mechanisms clearly defined and documented

4. Capacities aligned with resources across national to local levels (sustainability)

5. Hazard, exposure and vulnerability information are used to carry-out risk assessments at different levels

6. Clear, consistent and actionable hazard warnings, with risk information and issued from a single recognized authoritative source

7. Timely, reliable, redundant and sustainable warning dissemination mechanisms

8. Emergency response plans targeted to the individual needs of the vulnerable communities, authorities and emergency responders

9. Regular training and education programmes in risk awareness and emergency response actions

10. Effective feedback mechanisms throughout levels of the EWS for system improvement over time

10 common principles for successful Early

Warning Systems (2/2)

Disaster Risk Reduction: Life & economic losses

USERs: Disaster Risk Management, Agriculture, Water

Resource Management, Infrastructure, Urban

development, Health, Insurance, etc

Research and modeling Observations and

data

Forecasting and analysis tools

Reg

ional asp

ects

Products and Service Delivery

Intern

ational asp

ects

Capacity Building

National/Regional Capacity Development Projects within a

integrated service delivery model

National aspects, DRR Governance and institutional

framework changing!

Thrusts of the National/Regional Projects

1. Preliminary assessments capacities, gaps and needs

2. Socio-economic stakeholder needs, requirements and agreements: for meteorological, hydrological and climate products and services

3. National Policies and regulatory Framework and roles of NMHS

4. Modernization and core service strengthening of NMHS

5. Integrated Technical Services and capacity development to support risk assessment, MHEWS, sectoral risk management and risk financing:

(i) Hydrological services: Increased access to national and regional flood management information systems

(ii) Climate Services: Increased access to climate analysis tools, and climate forecast products and services

(iii) Severe Weather and Marine Services: Increased access to forecasting tools and severe weather warning services

(iv) Observing Systems and data services: Increased regional dialogue and agreements for exchange of meteorological, hydrological and climate data

South East

Europe (2007-

present)

8 countries

South East

Asia (2010

– present)

6 countries

Central America

and Caribbean

(2010- present )

Costa Rica and

Mexico and all

Caribbean

Islands

Comprehensive Capacity Development DRR and

Adaptation Projects Underway

Since 2010 with Members

& UN

Haiti

Partners: WMO, World Bank, UN-ISDR, UNDP, Regional Socio-economic

Groupings and regional DRR agencies, Regional Centers, WMO Regional

Association, NMHS, National DRM agencies and economic line ministries

Status of the National/Regional projects

with integrated service delivery framework

Region Beneficiary

countries

Regional

partners and

centers

International

partners Project status

South East Europe Eight (8) IPA beneficiaries:

Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina,

Croatia, FYR Macedonia,

Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo (as

defined by UNSCR 1244/99),

Turkey

DPPI, RCC,

EUMETNET,

EUMETSAT,

ECMWF, Sava River

commission, Climate

center (Serbia),

Regional Drought

Center (Slovenia)

World Bank

UNDP

UNISDR

European

Commission

Assessment completed

(SEEDRMAP, 2008)

EC funded Phase I project

finalised

EC funded Phase 2 project

initiated

South East Asia Lao PDR, Cambodia, Thailand,

Vietnam, Indonesia, and the

Philippines

ASEAN (ADMEER),

Mekong River

Commission, RCC

Tokyo, RCC China,

RSMC

World Bank

UNISDR

UNDP

Assessment completed with

World Bank and UNISDR

Project proposal submitted to

donors

Caribbean All caribbean island countries

and territories CDEMA, CMO,

CIMH, RSMC-

Hurricane Center

UNDP

World Bank

Assessment completed

project proposal development

initiated

Costa Rica –

national / Local

World Bank Initiated in Feb 2012

For more information please contact:

Maryam Golnaraghi, Ph.D.

Chief

Disaster Risk Reduction Programme

World Meteorological Organization

Tel. +41.22.730.8006

Email. MGolnaraghi@wmo.int

Thank You

• Government interest and engagement

• Multi-stakeholder and Multi-sectoral engagement and strategic alliances (National, regional, global)

– Partners and donors engagement from early stage

• Leverage exiting projects and their outcomes

• User-driven assessment of gaps, needs, prioritization and requirements

• National / regional development component

– National: DRR policies, institutional roles, partnerships, capacity development

– Regional: Strengthening of Regional Specialised Meteorological Centers (RSMC) and regional Climate Centers (RCC)

• Integrated Service Delivery for development of meteorological, hydrological and climate services

– National: strengthening of NMHS and technical cooperation

– Regional: engagement and strengthening of RSMCc and RCCs

• Sustainability

Criteria for DRR National / Regional

projects

Overall Expected Outcomes

1. Increased coordination and cooperation at national and regional levels for provision of meteorological, hydrological, and climate information to the targeted socio-economic sectors

2. Increased utilization of meteorological, hydrological, and climate knowledge in the decision-making processes of governments and targeted socio-economic sectors

• Law No. 75 of National Defense

• Guideline No. 1 of the Vice President of the National Defense Council

• Law No. 81 / 97 on the Environment

• Resolution 106 /99 of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

• Ordinance Law No. 279 of 2007 "On General Principles, Organization, Preparation and Provisions for Exceptional Situations”

Cuba: A wide legal basis

regulating the functioning of

Tropical Cyclone EWS

China, the government pays

great attention to MHEWS

through multi-agency

cooperation

“ It is important to perfect through multi-agency participation, a disaster prevention mechanism which covers multi-hazard early warnings, multi-agency coordination and cooperation, as well as regional joint defense.”

Chinese President Hu Jintao, 27 June, 2008

1. Political recognition of the benefits of EWS

along with effective planning, legislation and

budgeting

USA, emergency planning and

preparedness is established by the

President as a national security priority

• Stafford Act Support to States: actions Federal agencies are likely to take to assist state,

tribal, and local governments affected by major disaster

•The U.S. National Response Framework (NRF), maintained by the Federal Emergency

Management Agency (FEMA) provides the guiding principles that enable all response

partners to deliver a unified national response to disasters

• Hazard data and forecasts

• Collaboration between Meteo-France

Hydrological Service, Health

Service…

2. Effective EWS are built upon four components (1) French Vigilance system

• Risk Information • Vigilance map includes

risk information

• Warning message have been prepared by Meteo-France and Civil Security

• Communication and

dissemination mechanisms

• Preparedness and early response

• Warnings activate cascades of

preparedness and response plans, and

actions by various responsible bodies – Disaster contingency plans at county levels

– Community safeguard plans at the town level

• Information exchange during events • Météo France disseminates the same

Vigilance map to the authorities and

the general public

• Back-up website

Heat-Health

• Hazard data and forecasts

• Investments in Cuban Meteorological

Service: high skilled personnel and

equipments

• 8 Meteorological Radars covers the

entire Country

• Early Warnings incorporated within

the forecast process

• Risk Information • Databases of risk for are properly

stored at the risk management centers of each municipality

• Plans are updated every year based on risk estimation

• Communication and

dissemination mechanisms

• Preparedness and early response

• Strong partnership between NMHS and Civil Defense

• DRR Plans in Cuba are drafted at all levels (state, provincial, local, school, factories…)

• Radio and television: 98

% of the Cuban territory

is covered by mass media

2. Effective EWS are built upon four components (2) Cuba Tropical Cyclone Early Warning System

3. Roles and responsibilities of all EWS

stakeholders and their collaboration mechanisms

clearly defined and documented

France: Roles and responsibilities in

DRM •USA: NRF provides the guiding

principles for response partners

to prepare for and deliver a

unified response to disasters and

emergency

• Bangladesh: Clear standing orders on disasters guide and give the ability to

monitor disaster management ability in

4. Capacities aligned with resources across

national to local levels (sustainability)

• Japan: the average annual national budget for disaster

management was 4.5 trillion yen, accounting for 5 % of the

total national budget. Following each severe disaster,

budgetary allocations for disaster restoration and

prevention are also utilized to improve the EWS.

• USA: funding mechanisms for the all-hazard EWS are

driven by Congress, providing federal agencies with their

operating budget.

Cuba: the Environment Agency is responsible to organize, lead and conduct disaster risk studies.

Flood risk maps of Shanghai and City Centre

The Safety Administration:

distribution of information

related to dangerous chemical

sources

The Real Estate Department:

Data on buildings and houses

which are vulnerable to disasters.

Shanghai Meteorological

Bureau： A risk identification

project for weather disasters

5. Hazard, exposure and vulnerability information

are used to carry-out risk assessments at different

levels

Shanghai

6. Clear, consistent and actionable hazard

warnings, with risk information and issued from

a single recognized authoritative source

French Vigilance System General advice for

each colour-code

Colour-codes providing

threat levels Safety guidelines

including risk information

Information on the

meteorological hazard

USA,

Ready-Set-Go

concept

for watches &

warnings Shanghai: Meteorological

warnings issued by the

Shanghai Meteorological

Bureau

7. Warning dissemination mechanisms are able to reach

the EWS stakeholders and public in a timely and

reliable fashion

3 月 14 日 10

时09分：上海心气象台发布大风黄

色预警信号。

CUBA: Important role of the media

SHANGHAI: New technologies are developed

BANGLADESH: The network

of 42, 000 volunteers of the

Red Crescent is essential

• Japan, the disaster prevention guidebooks are written in different languages for tourists and foreigners

• USA Emergency plans include vulnerable populations (economic, medical, physical limitations, age and handicap, non-English speaking…)

• Cuba, emergency plans are elaborated at all levels of the society and updated every year

• France, specific emergency plans exist for all sites hosting vulnerable population:

– Blue Plans for old people’s homes, Customised Safety Plans for schools, White plans for hospitals…

8. Emergency response plans targeted to the

individual needs of the vulnerable communities,

authorities and emergency responders

9. Regular training and education programmes in

risk awareness and emergency response actions

Examples of Community training and outreach

C

U

B

A

B

A

N

G

L

A

D

E

S

H

S

H

A

N

G

H

A

I

Japan: JMA

Brochure on

Tornado Watch

• Japan, disaster education is taught in

various school curricula in schools

• France: Annual Meteo-France survey

revealed 86 % of French people know

Vigilance map

10. Effective feedback mechanisms throughout

levels of the EWS for system improvement over

time

• France: French Vigilance System is under continuous assessment and improvement with:

– Quarterly meetings with the main partners

– Annual assessment document

• Japan, customer satisfaction surveys are carried out every year to:

– (i) understand the used needs, (ii) explore future directions of service improvement and (iii) measure the outcome of service improvement

• USA, verification statistics are calculated after each event – Probability of detection (POD), False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Critical

Success Index (CSI)

– Post event reviews are performed when the statistics are not satisfactory

• Germany, DWD arranges regular meetings with different disaster management authorities

South East Europe

Regional DRR and Adaptation Programme

Cooperation with World Bank/UNDP/ISDR/WMO

Example: South East Europe (8 countries)

• Three interlinked Development Components:

– Risk Management governance and Institutional Capacities (UNDP/ISDR)

– Hydro meteorological services (WMO and World Bank)

– Insurance and financial risk transfer (World bank)

• First year

– Detailed multi-agency national capacities and needs assessments (funded by World Bank)

– Regional cooperation framework

– Donor and partners identification

– Integration of relevant WMO Programmes

• Year two-onwards – Capacity Development

– Phased project management cycle

• National Assessments completed and published in 2008

• Regional Cooperation Framework developed, published in 2008

• EC DG Enlargement as the primary donor identified

• First 2-year project proposal developed with UNDP)

• Project funded and initiated in July 2009

• This phase of the project will be completed by Q1 2011

• 2007 – South East Europe Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation

Programme (SEEDRMAP) assessment (SEEDRMAP is a collaborative initiative

developed by the World Bank and the secretariat of the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster

Reduction (UN/ISDR), together with the European Commission, the Council of Europe, the Council of

Europe Development Bank, the World Meteorological Organization and other partners)

• 2008 – proposal to EC DG Enlargement for an IPA multibeneficiary

action

• 2009 – IPA/2009/199-922 Action approved. Two Components:

Activity 1: Building Capacity in Disaster Risk Reduction through

Regional Cooperation and Collaboration in South East Europe (UNDP)

Activity 2: Regional Cooperation in South Eastern Europe for

meteorological, hydrological and climate data management and

exchange to support Disaster Risk Reduction (WMO)

Regional Programme on DRR in SE

Europe

South Eastern Europe Disaster Risk

Mitigation and Adaptation Programme

(SEEDRMAP) (Initiated in 2007)

• Three Components:

– Risk Management Planning and Capacities

– Strengthening of the National Hydro-meteorological Services

– Catastrophe Insurance facility and financial risk transfer

Phase I: Assessments completed (in 2008)

• Detailed national assessment reports

• Funded by World Bank - GFDRR

• 11 beneficiaries: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Kosovo (as defined by UNSCR 1244/99), Slovenia, Turkey

WMO

South Eastern Europe Disaster Risk

Mitigation and Adaptation Programme

(SEEDRMAP) (Initiated in 2007)

• Major Outcomes of SEEDRMAP to date:

– Establishment of insurance and financial risk transfer markets

– World Bank National Institutional Capacity development

• Croatia : 14 millions US $

• Albania : 10 millions US$

• Moldova: 4 millions US$

WMO

Modernization of the Hydro Met Services

Follow up Phase I: Regional Programme

in Disaster Risk Reduction in South

Eastern Europe (Funded by EC DG Enlargement)

• WMO Component: Regional Cooperation in South East Europe for meteorological, hydrological and climate data management and information exchange to support Disaster Risk Reduction

• UNDP Component: Building Capacity in Disaster Risk Reduction through Regional Cooperation and Collaboration in South East Europe

• Eight (8) IPA beneficiaries: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR

Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo (as defined by UNSCR 1244/99), Turkey

Regional Programme in Disaster Risk

Reduction in South Eastern Europe

MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS

Albania Bosnia &

Herzegovina

Croatia Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Turkey

National Policy

Dialogues

July

14-15

June

21-22

June

7-8

November

15

November 24-

25

October

25-26

October

11-12

• Raising role of NMHSs, significantly improving communication and

mutual understanding between DRM agencies and NMHS through

National Policy Dialogues

• Development of political and technical recommendations

• Flood and drought risk assessment capacities assessment

• Integration to European Meteorological Infrastructure

• Strengthening of NMHSs technical capacities

• Sustaining Climate Outlook Forum

• Regional cooperation on meteorology, hydrology and climate to support

DRR

South East Asia

Integrated programming and planning

5 years