World Meteorological OrganizationWorld Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and waterWorking together in weather, climate and water

Climate and Ocean Adaptation

WMO

M.V.K. SivakumarDirector

Climate Prediction and Adaptation Branch

WMO: Climate and Water www.wmo.int

Climatic Drivers of Marine Biogeochemistry

• Atmospheric CO2

• Temperature

• Circulation• Circulation• (Advection & Mixing)

• Light Supply

• Dust Deposition

• Rivers Input …

Threats to Ocean Ecosystems due to Climate Change

• Ocean ecosystems are threatened by changes to the environment associated with increased emissions of greenhouse gases, including

– higher water temperatures,

– increases in ocean acidification

– changes in storm surges due to altered cyclone patterns.

Role of Meterological Services in Ocean Adaptation

• Marine meteorological services have traditionallydelivered warnings of gales, storms, sea wavesand tropical cyclones mainly in support ofshipping activities.

• With growing recognition of the impacts of global• With growing recognition of the impacts of globalchange on the coastal ecology, however,meteorological services are increasingly calledupon to provide support to real-timeoceanography and marine biology.

WMO Warning SystemGlobal Data Processing & Forecasting Centres

NWP Seasonal

Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres (RSMC’s)

• Tropical Cyclones

Regional ClimateOutlook Fora(RCOF)

Tsunami WarningSystemsPacific Ocean

Obs

erva

tions

Observations

GTS/WIS

• Tropical Cyclones• Emergency Response• Severe Weather/Marine Hazards

(RCOF) Pacific Ocean

Obs

erva

tions

Observations

National Meteorological & Hydrological Services (NMHS’s)

GTS/WIS

Advisories(0-3 days)

Advisories(Seasonal)

Advisories(0-6 hours)

User CommunityPublic, Government, Civil Protection

Warnings

Marine Meteorology and Oceanography Services

• Maritime Safety Services

• Marine Pollution Emergency Response SystemSystem

• Support to Search and Rescue Operations

• Operational Ocean Forecasting Systems

Joint Commission on Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) Concept and Objectives

• NWP, climate studies, maritime services, ocean modeling andforecasting, ocean research, all require integrated metocean data andinformation streams

• To address these requirements and realize potential benefits, JCOMMjointly sponsored by WMO and IOC

• Combines and benefits from the strengths and expertise of the met.and ocean communities, avoids duplication of effort, integrates existingand ocean communities, avoids duplication of effort, integrates existingactivities

• User oriented, functions at global, regional and national levels

• Integrated marine observing, data management and services system;extensive outreach programme

• An implementation mechanism for global GOOS and in situ marinecomponent of GOS

Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Services

• JCOMM as the bridge between meteorology and oceanography• Operational oceanography now a reality • Community welfare, socio-economic impacts, hazard mitigation, climate

change, marine environment….• National and international cooperation essential –IOC, WMO, met and

ocean agencies

ClimateServices

Atmosphere

Ocean

Services

Marine WeatherMarine Weather

ServicesServices

WeatherServices

Oceanographic Services

Ocean ClimateOcean Climate

ServicesServices

COASTAL INUNDATION FORECASTING DEMONSTRATION PROJECT (CIFDP)

Proposed Scope of the Storm Surge Watch Scheme (SSWS)

Specialized Products Disaster

Management and Civil

RequirementsRegional

Specialized Meteorological

Centres

National Meteorological

Users

International

10

Forecasts and Warnings

and Civil Protection Authorities

Meteorological and

Hydrological Services

International and Regional Humanitarian

Agencies

International Charter "Space

and Major Disasters"

(activated through Civil Protection

Authorities or other selected Agencies)

Service Provider

(e.g. UNOSAT)High Resolution Images and forecasts

High Resolution Images

Products based on High Resolution Images and

Forecasts

Forecasts

WMO/CBD Joint Publication on Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs

• Illustrates some of the linkagesamong climate, carbon dioxide andcoral reefs, while describing thenecessary steps to appropriatelyassess the threats at the local andassess the threats at the local andregional scales, as well as todevise suitable monitoring,conservation and mitigationstrategies.

• Copies are available and beingdistributed to all participants.

Thank you!Thank you!