A NEW KIND OF WAR

WWI Continues

The Great war

Largest conflict in history up till this point

French had 8.5 million men British had 9 million men Russians had 12 million men Germans had 11 million

“One out of every four men who went to war

did not come back again, and of those who came back many were maimed and blind and

some had gone insane.”

Stalemate on the western front

Schlieffen Plan Fails Belgium resisted more than the

Germans had expected Germanys plan for a quick defeat of

France failed Russia mobilized more quickly than

expected so Germany had to send some troops to the west making the east weak

Britain and France push Germany back making a victory on the West hard

Technology of modern warfare The enormous casualties suffered on

the Western Front proved the destruction power of modern warfare

New Weapons rapid fire machine gun

shrapnel from guns wounded soldiers more than the guns

long range artillery gun allowed troops to kill others more

than 10 miles away

Technology of modern warfare

Poison Gas uncertain weapon because shifting winds

could blow the gas back on the soldiers

Aircraft, Tanks and Submarines 1916 Britain introduced the first tank First planes were used to observe enemy

troop movements 1915 Germany used zeppelins – large gas

filled balloons to bomb the English coast

Technology of modern warfare Aircraft, Tanks and Submarines

Later both sides equipped planes with machine guns

Submarines

German U-boats did tremendous damage to the Allies

Check for Understanding

What made World War I much more deadly than

previous wars?

video

Weapons used in WWI

Trench warfare

To protect themselves from gunfire each side dug a series of trenches that extended for over 475 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea

Between battles soldiers would live in the trenches

Water collected in them turning the soil into mud

“Trenches were waist deep in mud and ice water

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

Wet conditions encouraged diseases such as trench foot which rotted away the foot’s skin and usually led to amputation

Rats invaded the trenches at night and feasted on the dead bodies in the day

The bottom of the trench was springy like a mattress because of all the bodies underneath

At night when the stench was worse we tied material around our mouths and noses

Trench warfare

video

Trench Life in WWI

WEAPONS OF WAR

Total War and Propaganda Techniques

Today We Have…

What Is Total War What Is Propaganda At the end you will answer:

Is the Use of Propaganda Justified During Wartime?

WWI = Total War

By 1917 European societies were falling apart under the strain of war and it seemed to be dragging on with no end in sight

But the departure of one country and the entry of another would soon change the way things were going…

WWI = Total War

Total War Waging a modern, mechanized

war meant channeling all of the nations resources into the war

Governments took stronger roles in directing the economic and cultural lives of people

WWI = Total War

Economies Committed to War Production Systems set up to recruit, arm,

transport and supply armies in the millions

Implemented conscription (the draft)

Raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money to pay the cost of war

WWI – Total War

Women Join In As men left to fight women took

over their jobs Worked in war industries,

manufacturing weapons and supplies, became nurses

War work gave women a new sense of pride and confidence and challenged the idea that women could not handle the jobs men did

Women support in the war effort gained them their right to vote in 1920

WWI = Total War

Total war also meant the use of propaganda Spreading of ideas to promote a cause

or damage the opposing side Controlling public opinion Press was censored to keep casualty

figures and other discouraging news away from the public

Objectives of Wartime Propaganda

Recruitment of Soldiers (draft/volunteer)

Financing the War Effort Eliminating dissent and Unifying the

Country Conservation of Resources (food, oil,

steel) Participation in home front

organizations to support the war effort

Wartime Propaganda

• Demonization– Portraying the enemy as purely evil,

menacing, murderous, and aggressive. – Propagandist attempts to remove all

confusion and ambiguity about whom the public should hate

– Enemy may be portrayed as a hairy beast or the devil himself

– More powerful when enemy can be blamed for atrocities against women, children or other innocents

Wartime Propaganda

• Name Calling– Labels that encourage hatred of the

enemy that reinforce negative stereotypes and help demonize the enemy

– Commies, Japs, Huns

Wartime Propaganda

• Emotional Appeals– Playing on people’s emotions to promote the

war effort. Strongest emotion is usually fear so propagandists use that.

• Patriotic Appeals– Using patriotic language or symbols to

appeal to people’s national pride• Half Truths or Lies

– Deception or twisting the truth, propagandist may attempt to include some element of the truth to make the argument more persuasive

Wartime Propaganda

• Catchy Slogans– Using memorable phrases to foster support for

war. • Evocative Visual Symbols

– Using symbols that appeal to people’s emotions– Flags, statues, mothers and children, enemy

uniforms• Humor or Caricatures

– Capturing viewers attention through the use of humor to promote the war effort

– Enemy is at the center of the joke

Looking at Propaganda

Gallery Walk With your group you will go around the room looking at the

various propaganda posters Record the information in your

charts You will be at each poster for

about 10 minutes Be prepared to share your

answers

Let’s Do One Together

Emotional Appeal

Visual Symbols

Catchy Slogan

Patriotic

Humor