World history

Factories double from 1863-1900

Trans-Siberian Railway finally finished in 1916

More and more people work in factories

o Terrible conditions, child labor, very low pay

o Unions were illegal—no way to fight for better treatment

Workers are very unhappy!o Karl MARX’S ideas of socialism grow more popular

Czar Nicholas II and his

Romanov family begin losing

favor and power among

Russians

Mistakes include:

o Military kills hundreds during

worker protest

o Leading Russia’s weak military

into WWI (and losing)

o Refusing to share authority with

any sort of elected government

1. March Revolution—huge worker protests force the Czar to

abdicates the throne (steps down)

o A very weak provisional (temporary) government is established

• Keeps Russia in WWI for too long

• Peasants, workers, soldiers all against them

o Communities create socialist soviets (local councils of workers,

peasants, soldiers)

2. Bolshevik Revolution-- in November, radical

socialists led by Vladimir Lenin storm the

palace, arrest the provisional gov’t, and take

power

VERY BLOODY civil war breaks out between the Bolsheviks

and their opponents—BOLSHEVIK RED ARMY CRUSHES the

opposition WHITE ARMY (helped by the Allies).

Lenin creates a mild capitalist economy to get Russia back on

track—some small factories, businesses, and farms can be

privately owned

Communist Party is officially created and the Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (USSR) is formed

o Constitution gives all power to the Communist Party

Lenin suffers a stroke in 1922; Joseph Stalin soon takes over

Work like a Revolutionist!

Keep an exact and honest account of

finances, manage efficiently, don't steal,

maintain the toughest discipline on your job.

"We learn from Lenin."

See the transformation……?

Sun Yat-sen starts KUOMINTANG (Nationalist)

Party to oppose Qing (Manchu) Dynasty

Pushes principles of nationalism,

democracy, economic security; this gets

them supporters

Overthrow Qing (Manchu) Emperor 1911

NATIONALIST PARTY IS WEAK

o WARLORDS CONTROL MOST OF CHINA

o PARTY SEEKS HELP FROM COMMUNIST RUSSIA

TO GET CONTROL OF COUNTRY

o BY 1928 NATIONALIST PARTY DEFEATS ALMOST

ALL WARLORDS

AFTER VICTORY, NATIONALIST PARTY FEARS

GROWING POWER OF CHINESE COMMUNISTS

& FIGHTS THEM IN 10-YEAR CIVIL WAR

Civil War begins with the famous “Long March” led by

Mao Zedong (Chinese Communist leader)

Nationalist army surrounds outnumbered

Communistso 6,000-mile journey to safety in north.

o 6,000 out of 100,000 survive

Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out

invasion in 1937. Nationalists & Communists forced

to join together to fight Japan

China enters war on side of Allies

o hopes to remove foreign “spheres of influence”

from China

o China does not contribute much to Allied war

effort

Civil War (Nat. vs Comm.) resumed after WWII endso Communists eventually win

China becomes 2nd communist country in world

World War I Increases Nationalism

British promise steps to self-government in return for war service. After war, no changes; Indians are resentful

Amritsar Massacre

o in 1919, British pass Rowlatt Acts, which call for jailing

of protestors for up to 2 years.

o 10,000 Hindus and Muslims protest (many unaware that the British had banned public meetings) at a festival in Punjab.

o British troops open fire upon the crowd.

Mohandas Gandhi

Religious principles guide his activism

o Uses ideas from Hindu Jainism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity .

Civil Disobedience: deliberate and public refusal to obey a government or its laws.

o When British do not punish people in charge of Amritsar Massacre, Gandhi pushes the Indian National Congress to not cooperate with British government.

• Boycotts of British cloth• Gandhi calls on Indians to spin their

own cloth

• Costly to British trade

Civil disobedience takes an economic toll on

the British

The Salt March

o In 1930, Gandhi protests Salt Acts

Salt March—240-mile walk led by Gandhi to

collect seawater for salt

o British police brutalize protestors; Indians gain

worldwide support

o Around 60,000 people arrested throughout Salt Act

protests

In 1935, Parliament passes the Government of India Act

o gives India local self-government, not total independence

Act does nothing to calm rising tension between Muslims and Hindus

o …this will affect India’s push for independence…