World History II SOL Review Day 2. Scientific Revolution What effects did the Scientific revolution...
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Transcript of World History II SOL Review Day 2. Scientific Revolution What effects did the Scientific revolution...
World History II
SOL Review Day 2
Scientific Revolution• What effects did the Scientific revolution
have in the study and practice of Science?– Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of
nature– Formulation of scientific method– Expansion of scientific knowledge
WHII 6 a
Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernic
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton William Harvey
Age of Absolutism • What are the Characteristic of
Absolute monarchies?– Centralization of power– Concept of rule by divine right
• What is divine right?– The belief that their power
comes from God
Examples of Absolute Monarchies • France: Louis XIV
– Built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power.
– Known as the Sun King• Prussia: Frederick the
Great– Builds a large army
• Russia: Peter the Great of Russia– Westernization of Russia– Built St Petersburg ( warm
water port)
WHII 6 b
Lets read over English civil War and Glorious
Revolution Chart
English Civil War and Glorious Revolution
• Discussion Question:– How did the English civil War and the Glorious
Revolution promote the developments of the rights of the English man?
EnlightenmentThomas Hobbes
Liviathan Human exist in a primitive “State of nature” and content government for self-protection
John Locke Two Treatises on Government
People are sovereign and constant to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty and property
Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws
The best form of government includes a separation of powers.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Social Contract
Government is a contract between rulers and the people
Voltaire Candide Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state.
Enlightenment• Applied reason to the Human world, as well as to
the rest of the natural world• Stimulated religious tolerance• Fueled democratic revolutions around the world
• Influence of the Enlightenment – Fueled the revolution in the Americas and France– Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence
incorporated Enlightenment ideas– The Constitution and the Bill of rights also included
ideas from the Enlightenment
French Revolution • What were the causes
of the French Revolution?– Enlightenment Ideas– Influence of the
American Revolution – Social Injustice– Dislike of Monarchy
Enlightenment Ideas • Freedom of religion and speech• Government of the people
Social in JusticeTreatment of the Third Estate (peasants)
Dislike of Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette
French Revolution • Events
– Storming of the Bastille– Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror• Reign of Terror led by Robespierre• Louis and Marie Antoinette executed• Thousands killed who were possible against
the revolution • Reign of Terror Ends when Robespierre is
beheaded
What is this? Guillotine
French Revolution • Outcomes of the
French Revolution– End of absolute
monarchy of Louis XVI– Rise Napoleon – Napoleon builds a
French Empire in Europe.
– Influences Latin American Revolutionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8
gC00avITj0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Who Am I?
Age of Reason • Painting depicted classical
subjects, public events, natural people (portraits)
• New forms of Literature evolved, such as the Novel
New Technologies • All-weather roads improved year-round
transportation• New designs in farm tools increased
productivity (agricultural revolution)• Improvements in ship design lowered the cost
of transportation
See how the road is elevated and slopped to water can easily run off.
Less likely to get puddles!
QUIZ TIME
Question 1• John Locke is closely associated with which belief?
a. Absolute monarchs are the best form of governmentb. The church should always be obeyed regardless of its
messagec. The government should be a contract made by the
peopled. The people never have a right to revolt against the
government
Question 2• Johannes Kepler is known as a pioneer of the
Scientific Revolution for his a. Development of the heliocentric theory b. Formation of the law of gravity c. Use of the telescope to support the heliocentric
theory d. Discovery of planetary motion
Question 3• Peter the Great was a monarch of
a. Franceb. Englandc. Prussiad. Russia
Question 4• The principle that government derives power
from the consent of the governed is represented througha. Communism b. Democracy c. Socialism d. Oligarchy
Question 5• The development of the rights of Englishman
includeda. An increase in royal powerb. The end of political factionsc. The rise of power of Charles Id. The establishment of common law
Question 6• The Enlightenment thinker who wrote The
Social Contract was:a. Voltaireb. John Lockec. Jean-Jacques Rousseaud. Montesquieu
Question 7• Which was NOT an application of
Enlightenment thinking?a. Reason was applied to the human world, not just
the natural worldb. Religious tolerance was encouragedc. The Scientific Revolution was begund. Democratic revolutions around the world were
fueled
Question 8 • The first reigning monarch to face a public
trial and execution was a. James Ib. Charles IIc. Henry VIIId. Charles I
Question 9• The Separations of powers found in the
United States Constitution comes from the writing of which Enlightenment thinker?a. Hobbesb. Lockec. Montesquieu d. Voltaire
Question 10 • The reign of which monarch gave England its
first constitutional monarchy?a. Charles IIb. James II c. Mary IId. Elizabeth I
Latin American and Revolutions
Colonial governments
mirrored the home governments
Catholicism had a strong influence on the
developments of colonies
A major element of the economies was mining of
precious metals
Label the South America Cities
Latin AmericaViceroys/ colonial
officers
Creoles** Majority of Revolutions will be lead by this group**
Mestizos
Latin American Revolutions• Haiti • Lead by former slave
Toussaint L ‘Ouverture– Slave rebellion– Wins independence
after beating three armies: Spain, France and Britain
Latin American Revolution• Mexico:
– Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement
• Believed in enlightenment ideas
– Creoles become armed and raise army to put down Hidalgo and rally around Jose Maria Morelos who leads independence movement
Latin American Revolutions • Following Countries
gained independence:– Mexico– Haiti– Colombia– Venezuela– Brazil*** what special
about brazil independence?
Latin American Revolutions• Simon Bolivar
– Native Venezuelan Creole who led revolutionary efforts
– Liberated northern areas of Latin America
• Venezuela• Colombia• Ecuador
I tried to combined them all together in one state called Grand Colombia!
Monroe Doctrine• Define: US policy of
opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe in 1823
• Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independentWrite it in
your own words!
QUIZ
Question 1• Who led a successful revolution in Haiti to
free Haitians from French rule?a. Toussaint L’Ouvertureb. Simón Bolivarc. Napoleon Bonaparted. Jose de San Martin
Question 2• Who led a successful revolution in the
northern area of South America, eventually having a country named after him?a. Toussaint L’Ouvertureb. Simón Bolivarc. Napoleon Bonaparted. Father Miguel Hidalgo
Question 3• Viceroys were
a. religious officials.b. priests.c. explorers.d. colonial officials.
Question 4• Which nation claimed the region extending
from Mexico through South America?a. Franceb. Spainc. Portugald. The Netherlands
Question 5• The European colonies in the Americas
a. established new and independent cultures and social patterns.
b. followed the cultural and social patterns of the indigenous peoples.
c. imitated the cultures and social patterns of their parent countries.
d. established a unified cultural and social pattern for all to follow.
Question 6• The United States issued the Monroe
Doctrine becausea. there was conflict over who would control Latin
America.b. American merchants had found rich markets in
Africa.c. the United States opposed the Spanish king.d. the United States wanted colonies in South
America.
Question 7• The country located at number 1 on the map
above isa. Mexico.b. Columbia.c. Venezuela.d. Brazil. 1
Question 8• 8. Revolutions in Latin America were
influenced bya. the Renaissance.b. the Crusades.c. the Civil War in Spain.d. the French Revolution.
Question 9• Who started the Mexican independence
movement?a. Father Miguel Hidalgob. Simón Bolivarc. Jose de San Martind. Toussaint L’Ouverture
Political and Philosophical Developments in Europe
• Legacy of Napoleon– Creating an Empire
• Unsuccessful attempt to unify • Growth of nationalism in occupied
countries
– Napoleonic code:• A uniform set of laws. Limited liberty and
promoted order and authority over individual rights
I’m grumpy The British beat me at the battle of Waterloo
Congress of Vienna1. “Balance of Power”2. Restoration of Monarchies3. New Political Map4. New Political philosophies
Make sure that no single nation would ever dominate
Europe again
There would be NO more Napoleons!
Bring Back Monarchies that had excited before Napoleon’s conquest
Legitimate monarchies would stabilize political relations among nations Return the territories that
Napoleon had captured and make France the size it was before the
empire
Liberalism- Believed in NEW ideas and Conservatism- believed in OLD ideas
Nationalism • The belief that people should be loyal to their
nation- to the people with whom they share a culture and history –rather than to a king or queen
Unification of Italy and Germany Italy- Count Cavour Germany- Otto von Bismarck
Believed in Realpolitik:“ The politics of reality”- the
practice of tough power politics without room for idealism
I got help from Giuseppe Garibaldi who unified
southern Italy
QUIZ
Question 1• The Congress of Vienna
a. supported Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe.b. restored European monarchies.c. established democracies in Europe.d. reaffirmed the existing European political
boundaries.
Question 2• The unification of southern Italy was
accomplished bya. Count Cavour.b. Bismarck.c. Giuseppe Garibaldi.d. Napoleon.
Question 3• The Franco-Prussian War led to
a. an independent France.b. an alliance between France and Prussia.c. the establishment of an independent Prussia.d. the creation of a German state.
Question 4• What was the significance of the Code of
Napoleon?a. It was the first European constitution.b. It was adopted by all European countries within
ten years.c. It established a series of rights and laws that did
not rely on earlier customs.d. It specified a return to a limited monarchy in
France.
Question 5• Attempting to restore Europe as it had been
before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests, the Congress of Vienna left a legacy of two new political philosophies, liberalism anda. socialism.b. conservatism.c. imperialism.d. anarchism.
Question 6• Otto von Bismarck coined this term to
describe his political philosophy of “doing what works instead of what would be ideal.”a. Zollvereinb. Realpolitikc. Junkerd. Mein
Question 7• . The Congress of Vienna tried to
accomplish all of the following tasks EXCEPTa. compensation for damages.b. restoring legitimate monarchs.c. restoring balance of power.d. returning Napoleon as leader.
Question 8• What leader of the Congress of Vienna
opposed the formation of a unified Italian state?a. Count Camillo de Cavourb. Otto von Bismarckc. Clemens von Metternichd. Giuseppe Garibaldi
Question 9 • The “red shirts” under Garibaldi defeated
opponents using guerilla warfare, a military style best described asa. large groups of well armed men fighting in the
open.b. a duel between commanders.c. small groups striking enemies unexpectedly.d. fighting in a jungle.
Industrial revolution • Why it started in Britain
– natural resources (coal, iron ore) and the invention/improvement of the steam engine
– British enclosure movement
British enclosures movement:Landowners discovered more productive
farming methods to boost crop yields. Started buying land from village farmers
and fencing off their land.
ImpactLandowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmer of move to
the cities looking for work
Industrial Revolution• Science and Medicine
– Edward Jenner• Smallpox vaccination
– Louis Pasteur• Discovery of Bacteria
Economic Developments Capitalism Communism Based of Adams Smith works
Based of Karl Marx works
Industrialization• Rise of Labor Unions
– Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions
– Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children
– Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management
Imperialism • Causes
– Nationalism – New Markets– Competition among
European powers
Imperialism in Africa and Asia• China-limited access because of the Qing
Dynasty • Suez Canal-built in Egypt to connect the
Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea– Received first help by France and later Britain
• Japan was opened by Commander Matthew Perry
Responses of Colonized People
• Armed Conflicts– Example : Boxer Rebellion in China– What was the Boxer Rebellion?
• Rise of Nationalism – What event(s) increased the feeling of nationalism
in colonies?
QUIZ
Question 1• 1. Who developed the smallpox
vaccination?– A James Watt– B Edward Jenner– C Louis Pasteur– D Henry Bessemer
Question 2• The Industrial Revolution made an impact on
the industrialized countries of the world by• A increasing the rural population.• B decreasing the population.• C improving transportation.• D causing worldwide depression.
Question 3• Adam Smith, in his work Wealth of Nations,
contributed to the development of capitalism by
• A defending the idea of free markets.• B suggesting that government limit
competition.• C promoting the benefits of communism.• D supporting the theories of socialism.
Question 4• The information in the box above represents
the impact of• A Karl Marx.• B The British Enclosure Movement.• C Friedrich Engels.• D The Industrial Revolution.
•Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor.•Reforms were introduced to end child labor.•Women increased their demand for suffrage.•Harsh working conditions were commonplace.
Question 5• The items in the box above are forms of• A democracies.• B communism.• C monarchies.• D imperialism. •Colonies
•Protectorates•Spheres of influence
Question 6• Which was NOT a reason for
imperialism to develop?• A Nationalism• B Industrial Revolution• C Religious fervor• D Isolationism
Question 7• In 1853, Matthew Perry used naval power to
force Japan to• A trade with the U.S.• B end the opium trade.• C cut off trade with Europe.• D end colonization of Korea.
Question 8• What German economist/philosopher is
credited with the idea of communism?• A Adam Smith• B James Watt• C Karl Marx• D Adolf Hitler
Question 9• According to communism, history is
dominated by the struggle between what two groups?
• A the bourgeoisie and the proletariat• B the bourgeoisie and the democrats• C the proletariat and the republicans• D the democrats and the republicans
Question 10 • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increased the
demand in the American South for– A. slaves.– B. cotton.– C. wheat.– D. coal.