WORLD HISTORY WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20- WORLD WAR II CHAPTER 20- WORLD WAR II

SECTION 1- PATH TO WARSECTION 1- PATH TO WAR

JapanJapanRelied on Relied on foreign sourcesforeign sources for raw materials & for raw materials & manufactured goods. Sought more manufactured goods. Sought more territoryterritory to gain more materials/goods.to gain more materials/goods.1931: Japan invades Chinese province of 1931: Japan invades Chinese province of ManchuriaManchuria..1932: Japan renamed Manchuria- 1932: Japan renamed Manchuria- Manchukuo. Former Chinese emperor Manchukuo. Former Chinese emperor Pu YiPu Yi as puppet leader.as puppet leader.League of NationsLeague of Nations investigated Japan’s investigated Japan’s actions. Ordered Japan to actions. Ordered Japan to returnreturn Manchuria Manchuria to China.to China.1933: Japan withdraws from League. League 1933: Japan withdraws from League. League powerlesspowerless..

Japan con’tJapan con’t

1937: Japan 1937: Japan capturescaptures eastern & southern eastern & southern Chinese cities. Wanted access to Chinese cities. Wanted access to oil reservesoil reserves of East Indies for ships and airplanes.of East Indies for ships and airplanes.

Nanjing, Chinese capital- Japanese kill Nanjing, Chinese capital- Japanese kill 200,000 civilians.200,000 civilians.

National government of National government of Chiang Kai- ShekChiang Kai- Shek retreats inland & forms alliance with western retreats inland & forms alliance with western powers.powers.

1937-1945: Nationalists, Chinese 1937-1945: Nationalists, Chinese Communists (Mao) & Japanese fought each Communists (Mao) & Japanese fought each other for other for controlcontrol of China. of China.

Italy & EthiopiaItaly & Ethiopia

Italy wants to Italy wants to securesecure Ethiopia in Africa. Ethiopia in Africa.

1934: Italians & Ethiopians fight in 1934: Italians & Ethiopians fight in disputed zone on border of Ethiopia & disputed zone on border of Ethiopia & Italian Italian SomalilandSomaliland..

Mussolini demanded an Mussolini demanded an apology & apology & reparationsreparations. Ethiopia asks League of . Ethiopia asks League of Nations to Nations to investigateinvestigate. League’s . League’s decision- each side viewed area as own decision- each side viewed area as own territory, neither side to blame.territory, neither side to blame.

Italy & Ethiopia con’tItaly & Ethiopia con’t

League didn’t satisfy League didn’t satisfy MussoliniMussolini- he - he wanted to colonize Ethiopia.wanted to colonize Ethiopia.

1835: Italian forces1835: Italian forces invade invade Ethiopia. Ethiopia. Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie appealsappeals to League. League imposes to League. League imposes economic sanctionseconomic sanctions on Italy. League on Italy. League ineffective. Mussolini conquered ineffective. Mussolini conquered Ethiopia & Ethiopia & annexedannexed it in 1936. it in 1936.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtxL3idYS6k

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil WarKing Alfonso XIII King Alfonso XIII abdicatedabdicated in 1931. in 1931. Spain became a Republic.Spain became a Republic.Government imposed Government imposed social reformssocial reforms. . Right-wing groups oppose the Right-wing groups oppose the Republic.Republic.July 1936: Spanish Morocco- right-July 1936: Spanish Morocco- right-wingers stage wingers stage uprisinguprising that spreads to that spreads to Spain.Spain.Spanish Spanish NationalistsNationalists, led by General , led by General FrancoFranco, and left-wing loyalists (Spanish , and left-wing loyalists (Spanish Republicans) fight for Republicans) fight for controlcontrol of Spain. of Spain.

Spanish Civil War con’tSpanish Civil War con’t

SovietsSoviets support Loyalists. support Loyalists. Germans & Germans & ItaliansItalians help Nationalists. help Nationalists. Volunteers Volunteers from Britain, France, U.S. & other from Britain, France, U.S. & other countries form countries form International BrigadeInternational Brigade & & fight for Republican cause against fight for Republican cause against fascismfascism..

Western governments didn’t get Western governments didn’t get involvedinvolved- feared another war.- feared another war.

Spanish Civil War con’tSpanish Civil War con’t

Hitler, Germany’s dictator, saw Spanish Hitler, Germany’s dictator, saw Spanish Civil War as opportunity to Civil War as opportunity to strengthenstrengthen ties with Italy & Spain as a source for ties with Italy & Spain as a source for iron ore & magnesium.iron ore & magnesium.

Herman Goering, head of Luftwaffe Herman Goering, head of Luftwaffe (German Air Force) used Spanish (German Air Force) used Spanish towns & cities as towns & cities as testing groundstesting grounds for for new weapons and military tactics.new weapons and military tactics.

Spanish Civil War con’tSpanish Civil War con’t

Summer 1936: Nationalists take most of Summer 1936: Nationalists take most of western Spainwestern Spain..

1938: Soviets stop aid to Loyalists. 1938: Soviets stop aid to Loyalists. Franco launches last Franco launches last offensiveoffensive..

Republic topples. Republic topples. FrancoFranco establishes a establishes a totalitariantotalitarian, fascist government. Does , fascist government. Does not ally with Italy & Germany.not ally with Italy & Germany.

HitlerHitlerLebenstraumLebenstraum (living space) for growing (living space) for growing German population.German population.March 1936: violates Versailles Treaty March 1936: violates Versailles Treaty & invades the & invades the RhinelandRhineland..October 1936: Hitler & Mussolini agree October 1936: Hitler & Mussolini agree to to Rome-Berlin AxisRome-Berlin Axis..Italy & Germany become the Axis Italy & Germany become the Axis Powers. Later, join Japan in Powers. Later, join Japan in Anti-Anti-Comintern PactComintern Pact, alliance against Soviet , alliance against Soviet communism.communism.

Hitler con’tHitler con’tStalin urged the West toStalin urged the West to unite unite against against the Axis. West the Axis. West refusedrefused- feared war & - feared war & distrusted Stalin.distrusted Stalin.Hitler desired Germany to be joined Hitler desired Germany to be joined with with AustriaAustria..March 1938: Hitler sent troops to March 1938: Hitler sent troops to Austria & proclaimed it part of Austria & proclaimed it part of Germany. Said he was promoting Germany. Said he was promoting political stability-political stability- uniting German- uniting German-speaking peoples.speaking peoples.

Tension in EuropeTension in Europe

Sept 15, 1938: Hitler demands that the Sept 15, 1938: Hitler demands that the SudetenlandSudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) (part of Czechoslovakia) be given to Germany.be given to Germany.

British Prime Minister British Prime Minister Chamberlain Chamberlain accepted demands. Believed accepted demands. Believed appeasementappeasement- granting concessions to - granting concessions to maintain peace, would stabilize Europe.maintain peace, would stabilize Europe.

Sudetenland….Did the Czechs Sudetenland….Did the Czechs ever have a chance at defense?ever have a chance at defense?

Munich AgreementMunich Agreement

Sept 29, 1938: Sept 29, 1938: Hitler & ChamberlainHitler & Chamberlain meet meet again along with French Premier Daladier & again along with French Premier Daladier & Mussolini.Mussolini.

Mussolini proposed Mussolini proposed compromisecompromise. Germany . Germany would control Sudetenland & respect would control Sudetenland & respect Czechoslovakia’s Czechoslovakia’s sovereigntysovereignty..

Hitler promised not to Hitler promised not to seizeseize any more any more European territory & settle disputes through European territory & settle disputes through negotiationnegotiation..

Sept 30, 1938: Czechoslovakia reluctantly Sept 30, 1938: Czechoslovakia reluctantly agreed to agreed to Munich AgreementMunich Agreement..

Munich Agreement con’tMunich Agreement con’t

Chamberlain Chamberlain trustedtrusted Hitler but was Hitler but was proved wrong. (Says we have achieved proved wrong. (Says we have achieved “peace in our time” “peace in our time”

March 15, 1939: Hitler sent army to March 15, 1939: Hitler sent army to Czechoslovakia & took Czechoslovakia & took controlcontrol of of western part. (eastern part becomes western part. (eastern part becomes German “puppet state”German “puppet state”

Hitler could no longer be trusted & Hitler could no longer be trusted & Europe Europe preparesprepares for war. for war.

Brink of WarBrink of War

March 1939: Hitler pressures March 1939: Hitler pressures LithuaniaLithuania & Poland& Poland. British & French support . British & French support Poland & Poland Poland & Poland rejectsrejects Hitler’s Hitler’s demands.demands.

The The WestWest had to consider the Soviets had to consider the Soviets as they were as they were neighborsneighbors of Poland. of Poland.

British did not British did not trusttrust Stalin. Stalin.

Confusion over the greater Confusion over the greater enemyenemy- the - the Fascists or Communists. Fascists or Communists.

Brink of War con’tBrink of War con’t

Chamberlain, despite Chamberlain, despite reservationsreservations, , asked Soviets to asked Soviets to allyally with Britain & with Britain & France against Germany.France against Germany.

Stalin would Stalin would agreeagree with alliance only if with alliance only if the Soviets could the Soviets could occupyoccupy land between land between Finland & Bulgaria.Finland & Bulgaria.

ChamberlainChamberlain refused Stalin’s request. refused Stalin’s request.

Brink of War con’tBrink of War con’tAug 23, 1939: Secret pact between Soviets & Aug 23, 1939: Secret pact between Soviets & Germany- Germany- Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression PactNazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.. Never Never attackattack each other each other Remain Remain neutralneutral if one goes to war if one goes to war Create Create spheres of influencespheres of influence-- Germany occupy Germany occupy

western part of Poland & Soviets eastern part.western part of Poland & Soviets eastern part. Agreement Agreement short-termshort-term. Allowed Soviets to . Allowed Soviets to

prepare for war & Germany to secure its eastern prepare for war & Germany to secure its eastern border.border.

Pact Pact shockedshocked Western Leaders- war Western Leaders- war inevitable.inevitable.Sept 1, 1939: Hitler Sept 1, 1939: Hitler invadedinvaded Poland. Poland.Sept 3, 1939: Great Britain & France Sept 3, 1939: Great Britain & France declaredeclare war on Germany. World War II war on Germany. World War II startedstarted..

WW2 early events Germany WW2 early events Germany Italy and Japan Lists….Italy and Japan Lists….

Japan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?Japan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-99EUmWyk4 v=c-99EUmWyk4

Time line of 12 + events ….Time line of 12 + events ….With 2 pics or 2 fake 1 With 2 pics or 2 fake 1

paragraph news reports paragraph news reports covering key events which covering key events which came just before WW2.…came just before WW2.…