World History

World History

Unit 5

Absolutism to Revolution:

1500-1900

Chapter 21Absolute Monarchs in Europe,

1500-1800 A.D.

Section 1

Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism


Objectives

• To describe Spanish power under Philip II.

• To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.

• To describe the birth of the Netherlands.

• To explain the origins of absolute monarchy

• Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right

Charles V’s Spanish Empire


Charles V– splits his Spanish empire

Philip II– Charles’ son– Spain, Spanish Netherlands,

American colonies• King’s 1/5th

– Portugal - 1580– Defender of the Faith

• Battle of Lepanto - 1571

• Spanish Armada - 1588

– Arts• Diego Velazquez

• Miguel de Cervantes– Don Quixote


Spain’s problems• Inflation

– population increase, price increase– drop in silver value

• taxes– expulsion of Jews and Moors– no middle class

• merchant guilds– no capitalism; wealth flowed out

• Dutch Revolt– occupation force– Calvinism and taxes– William of Orange - 1579

• United Provinces of the Netherlands


United Provinces (Netherlands)– religious toleration– republic

• focus on commerce– world’s largest merchant fleet– world’s bankers

• art– Rembrandt van Rijn

• wealthy merchants; groups

Absolute Monarchs– rule without limits

• urbanization; middle class• decline in church influence• decline in nobility influence

– divine right• God’s representative


Objectives• To describe Spanish power under Philip II.• Wealthiest and most powerful; Defender of the Faith; Golden Age• To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.• Inflation, unequal taxes, out-flowing wealth, Dutch Revolt• To describe the birth of the Netherlands.• William of Orange, religious toleration, commerce and banking, art• To explain the origins of absolute monarchy.• Retain all power, divine right, rise from centralization and crises• Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right

Assessment

1) He split his empire and retired to a monastery

2) he inherited his father’s empire in Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and New World

3) title given to those who defend Catholicism

4) Spanish fleet defeated the Ottomans at this battle

5) They defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588

6) This Cervantes character was like a bumbling medieval knight

7) They paid the majority of taxes in Spain

8) These guilds kept Spain from becoming capitalistic

9) He defeated Spain in the Dutch Revolt

10) The two reasons that the United Provinces of the Netherlands were unique

1) Charles V

2) Philip II

3) Defender of the Faith

4) Battle of Lepanto

5) English

6) Don Quixote

7) peasants

8) merchants

9) William of Orange

10) religious toleration and they formed a republic


1500-1800 A.D.

Section 2

France’s Ultimate Monarch


Objectives• To describe religious and political conflicts in

France.• To explain Louis XIV’s policies.• To characterize the style of the French royal court.• To identify causes and effects of the French wars.• Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu,

skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

Religious Wars Create a Crisis

King Henry II & Catherine de Medicis– 1559: Catherine real power– 1572: St. Bartholomew’s Day

• Henry of Navarre - 1589-1610– Protestant Prince (Huguenot)– inherits the throne

• Henry IV• 1st Bourbon king

– Catholic conversion– Edict of Nantes - 1598

• religious toleration

• Louis XIII– Cardinal Richelieu

• de facto ruler• increased Bourbon power• Huguenots and nobles

– skepticism• nothing can be known for certain• Michel de Montaigne

Louis XIV Rules Absolutely

Louis XIV - 1643– most powerful king

• crown at age 5

– Cardinal Mazarin - 1643-1661• Louis’ minister• 1648 Thirty Years War Treaty

– most powerful in Europe

• fight with nobles

– centralization of power• noble exclusion• intendants

– tax and justice agents

– Jean Baptiste Colbert• finance minister• mercantilism policies

– Edict of Nantes revocation

Louis’s Grand Style

Nobility– morning dress– increased royal authority

• dependence on Louis

• kept from locales

Versailles– 11 miles from Paris

• $2B in 1994 dollars

• 36K laborers

• 500 yards long

– What is similar in China?– Arts patronage

• Sun King

• glorify the king

Versailles Gardens

Louis Fights Disastrous Wars

France in 1660– largest population & army

• Spanish Netherlands - 1667

• Dutch Netherlands - 1672– ‘dike’ warfare

• League of Augsburg - 1689– balance of power alliance– Sweden, Spain, England

• War of Spanish Succession– Charles II dies - 1700

• Philip of Anjou

– Treaty of Utrecht - 1713• Spain and France separate

Louis XIV legacy– empire, debt, resentment


Objectives

• To describe religious and political conflicts in France.

• Protestants vs. Catholics civil wars; Henry IV religious tolerance; Cardinal Richelieu’s rise; skepticism embraced

• To explain Louis XIV’s policies.

• Cardinal Mazarin raises taxes / strengthens central govt.; Louis is France’s most powerful king; Jean Baptiste Colbert’s economy

• To characterize the style of the French royal court.

• Luxury; nobles waiting game; Versailles and patronage

• To identify causes and effects of the French wars.

• French expansion; European anti-French alliance; weakening

• Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

Assessment

1) This Protestant prince converted to Catholicism after gaining French throne

2) Henry was the 1st king of this dynasty

3) 1598 edict called for religious toleration

4) he was the real power behind the throne of Louis XIII

5) ‘nothing can be known for certain’

6) France’s most powerful ruler ever

7) they were tax and justice agents

8) this economic minister advocated mercantilist policies to King Louis XIV

9) the fabulous palace built by Louis XIV

10) this 1689 alliance in Europe was designed maintain a balance of power

1) Henry IV (of Navarre)

2) Bourbon

3) Edict of Nantes

4) Cardinal Richelieu

5) skepticism

6) Louis XIV

7) intendants

8) Jean Baptiste Colbert

9) Versailles

10) League of Augsburg


1500-1800 A.D.

Section 4

Russian Czars Increase Power

Russian Czar’s Increase Power

Objectives

• To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.

• To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the Great.

• To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.

• Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great, westernization

From Ivan to the Romanovs

Ivan III -1462-1505– founder of empire

• liberated Russia from Mongols

– centralize government

Ivan IV – 1533-1584– “good” – 1547-1560

– czar

– “terrible” – 1560

– boyars• landowning nobles

– traitors

• Anastasia

Time of Troubles– battle for throne

• boyars

– Michael Romanov - 1613

Russia Expansion – Ivan IV

Peter the Great Takes the Throne

Russia in the 1600s– land of serfs and boyars

• mid-1850s

– serfs attached to land– isolation

• Constantinople– Eastern Orthodox

• Mongol threat

Peter the Great – 1696-1725– future of Russia

• warm water seaport– competition

• westernization– ‘Grand Embassy’– customs and technology– England, Germany, Austria

Russian Expansion - Peter

Peter Rules Absolutely

Change Takes Power– Russian Orthodox Church

• state control

– power from nobles• appointing of ‘loyal’ lower class

– westernized professional army• heavy taxes

Societal Changes– 1st newspaper– increased women status– traditional dress banned

St. Petersburg– “window to the west”– water routes to Europe

Russian Czars Increase Power

Objectives• To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a

stronger Russian state.• Czars strengthen Russian state; reduce power of boyars; Ivan the

‘good’ becomes Ivan the ‘terrible’• To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe

and the emerging role of Peter the Great.• 1696 Peter the Great takes throne; Russia is land of nobles and

serfs, isolated and backwards; Peter visits and studies western Europe

• To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.• Peter westernizes Russia; religion under state control; limits power

of nobles; modernizes army; Baltic Sea seaport at St. Petersburg• Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great,

westernization

Assessment

1) Who founded the Russian Empire in 14622) He liberated Russia from the Mongols3) He was the 1st ruler to be called ‘czar’4) Ivan got this nickname because of his

treatment of nobles after his wife died5) Russian landowning nobles6) He emerged out of the ‘Time of Troubles’ in

1613 as the new Russian ruler7) These people were ‘attached’ to the land8) He tries to ‘westernize’ Russia9) How did Peter pay for his new

‘westernized’ army10) This city was the new capital and a

Russian “window to the west”

1) Ivan III2) Ivan III3) Ivan IV4) Terrible

5) boyars6) Michael Romanov

7) serfs8) Peter the Great9) heavy taxes

10) St. Petersburg


1500-1800 A.D.

Section 5

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy


Objectives• To identify conflicts between English rulers and

Parliament.• To explain the causes and results of the English Civil

War.• To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.• To explain political changes under William and Mary.• Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver

Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

Monarchs Clash with Parliament

Elizabeth - 1558-1603– last of Tudors

James I - 1603-1625– Scottish Stuarts– absolute monarchy– Calvinist– King James Bible - 1611

Charles I - 1625-1649– son of James I– calls Parliament - 1628

• Petition of Right– law is higher than king

– dissolves Parliament - 1629– calls Parliament -1641

• ‘Scot’ problem

English Civil War

English Civil War - 1642-1649– Parliament limit on king’s power

• Charles I orders arrests

• supporters and opponents of Charles I– Royalists vs. Roundheads– Oliver Cromwell - 1644-1658

• Puritan Roundhead leader

• Charles I captured by 1647– lost English Civil War– public execution

• rules England as military dictator

• puts down Irish rebellion

• tolerance except Catholics

Restoration and Revolution

Restoration• Charles II - 1660-1685

– son of Charles I

• habeas corpus - 1679– no jailing for political opposition– speedy trial

• James II - 1685-1688– Charles II brother– Catholic

• Whigs vs. Tories

– dissolves Parliament– infant son - 1688

Political Changes

Glorious Revolution - 1689– William and Mary

• Prince of the Netherlands– Protestants

• Parliamentary invite

– bloodless overthrow of James II– William as new English king

• Parliament recognized partner• constitutional monarchy

– laws limit monarch’s power

• Bill of Rights• cabinet

– prevent disagreements– link between monarch / majority

Stuart Family Tree


Objectives

• To identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.

• English kings clash w/ Parliament over money and power; Charles I dissolves Parliament

• To explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.

• Charles I recalls Parliament; Charles I supporters vs. opponents in Civil War; Puritans win civil war; Charles I executed

• To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.

• Charles II as king; James II deposed; William and Mary take power

• To explain political changes under William and Mary.

• Constitutional monarchy; Bill of Rights; cabinet as center of power

• Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

Assessment

1) This Scottish family followed the Tudors as the ruling dynasty of England in 1603

2) He was the founder of the dynasty in # 1

3) James I believed in this type of government

4) This English king lost his head in 1649

5) This event between 1642-1649 brought Puritans into power in England

6) These two groups opposed each other in the English Civil War

7) This Puritan leader became a military dictator in 1649

8) He ruled following the 1660 Restoration

9) This calls for a speedy trial and no jailing of political opponents

10) William and Mary ascend the English thrown in this 1689 bloodless rebellion

1) Stuarts

2) James I

3) absolute monarchy

4) Charles I

5) English Civil War

6) Royalists and Roundheads

7) Oliver Cromwell

8) Charles II

9) habeas corpus

10) Glorious Revolution

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